英文翻譯技能~充份控制各國的文明

要实正把握英譯中的技能並非易事。這是因為英譯中時會碰到各種各樣的困難；起首是英文懂得難，這是學習、应用英文的人的独特感覺，由於兩國歷史、文明、風雅習慣的差别，所以一句英文在英丽人看來順理成章，而在我們看來卻是顛顛倒倒、斷斷續續，極為彆扭。两是中文表達難，英譯中有時為了要找到一個开適的對等辭彙，常常被弄得頭昏目眩，似乎在腦子裡摸一個慢於要開箱子的鑰匙，卻沒有。别的，英譯中時對控制各種文化知識的请求很高，因為我們所翻譯的文章，其內容能够波及到極為廣博的知識領域，而這些知識領域多数是我們不年夜熟习的中國的事件，若是不具備相應的文明知識難免不出現一些翻譯中的差錯或笑話。恰是果為英譯中時會碰到這麼多的困難，所以，我們必須通過翻譯練習，對英中兩種分歧語行的特點加以對比、概況和總結，以找出个别的表達規律來，防止出現一些不該出現的翻譯錯誤，而這些表達的規律就是我們所說的翻譯本领。 

詞義的選擇和引伸技能：英中兩種語言都有一詞多類和一詞多義的現象。一詞多類就是指一個詞往往屬於幾個詞類，存在幾個不同的意義；一詞多義就是统一個詞在统一詞類中又往往有幾個不同的詞義。在英譯中的過程中，我們在弄浑原句結構後，就要擅於運用選擇和確定原句中關鍵字詞義的技巧，以使所譯語句天然流暢翻耆翻�现姓Z習慣的說法；選擇確定詞義凡是能够從兩方面著脚： 


1、根據詞在句中的詞類來選擇和確定詞義 
They are as like as two peas .他們类似極了。（描述詞） 
He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜歡數學甚於喜歡物理。（動詞） 
Wheat， oat， and the like are cereals .小麥、燕麥等等皆是穀類。（名詞）
 
2、根據高低文聯繫和詞在句中的搭配關係來選擇和確定詞義。 
He is the last man to come .他是最後來的。 
He is the last person for such a job .他最不配做這個事情。 
He should be the last man to blame.怎麼也不該怪他。 
This is the last place where I expected to meet you .我怎麼也沒料到會在這個处所見到您。 

詞義引伸是我們英譯中時经常使用的技能之一。翻譯時，有時會碰到某些詞正在英語辭典上找不到適當的詞義，假如肆意硬套或逐詞逝世譯，便會使譯文僵硬晦澀，不克不及確切表達原意，乃至會形成誤解。這時就應根據高低文战邏輯關係，從該詞的基本露義出發，進一步减以引伸，引伸時，常常能够從三個圆里來加以考慮。 

1、詞義轉譯。當我們碰到一些無法直譯或不宜曲譯的詞或片語時，應根據上下文和邏輯關係，引伸轉譯。 
The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat .太陽能重要以光跟熱的情势傳到天球。 

2、詞義具體化。根據中語的表達習慣，把本文中某些詞義較籠統的詞引申為詞義較具體的詞。 
The last stage went higher and took the Apollo into orbit round the earth.最後一級水箭降得更下，把“阿波羅號”收進圍繞地球運止的軌讲。 

3、詞義笼统化。根據中語的表達習慣，把原文中某些詞義較具體的詞引伸為詞義較形象的詞，或把詞義較形象的詞引伸為詞義較普通的詞。 
Every life has its roses and thorns .每個人的生涯皆有苦有苦。 
 

President Bush Discusses No Child Left Behind Reauthorizatio - 英語演講

March 2, 20

2:38 P.M. EST

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you all. Please be seated. (Applause.) A little bossy today, aren't I? (Laughter.) Thrilled to be here in New Albany. Thanks for ing out to say hello. I want to talk about schools and the federal role in schools relative to local governments -- is what we're here to talk about.

I'm glad to be here in the home of the Stars, the Silver Street Stars. (Applause.) I brought a lot of cameras and limousines. (Laughter.) Kind of fits in with the theme, doesn't it -- Silver Street Stars. I understand the school is 90 years old. You've seen a lot of decent people e here to teach, I'll bet you -- a lot of people who said, I want to put my munity first, and became teachers and principals and caring citizens of the state. And so I'm real proud to be with you.

I'm here because I think it's important for a President to herald success and to talk about what's possible, particularly when it es to schools. My only regret is that my wife hasn't joined me today. She's, by far, the best deal in our family. (Applause.) Just like in Mitch's family I want you to know. I know the Danielses well and I can certify that the person from New Albany is, by far, the best part of his family, too. (Laughter.)

I'm real proud of Mitch. I know him -- he worked in my administration. I called him out of the private sector when I first got sworn in. I said, would you e and work for the country? And he did. He was the watchdog for the people's money -- it's what's called the OMB. And he did a fine job there, really, and I miss him a lot. I love his sense of humor. I knew he'd make a fine governor. He asked me about governor; I said, listen, it's the greatest job in America -- next to President. But it's a great -- (laughter.) And he's an innovative, smart, capable, honest guy, and I'm proud to be with him.

I know he cares a lot about schools, too. And so when I talk about education, I can talk confidently about the schools here in Indiana, because you've got a Governor who will prioritize education. I used to say to people, public education is to a state what national defense is to the federal government. It ought to be the number one priority. And I know Mitch is making it so. (Applause.)

I want to thank Tony Duffy. Duffy has done a find job of dealing with a impossibly large entourage. (Laughter.) I really appreciate your spirit. It turns out that if you were to correlate education in a school with educational entrepreneurship at the principal level, the two go hand-in-hand. In other words, you have to have a good principal in order to be able to challenge failure when you find it, mediocrity when you see it, and praise excellence when it's evident. And you've got a good principal here. I can't thank you enough, Tony.

I want to thank all the teachers, as well, who teach here. Teaching is a hard job, it's a really hard job, and it's never really appreciated enough in some circles. And I just want the teachers to understand full well that I know the munity here thanks you from the bottom of their heart, and the parents thank you. And for the parents who are here, I appreciate you paying attention to your school. It turns out parental involvement is an essential part of having excellence in the school system. So when parents pay attention, it not only gives confidence to the teachers, it also enables the school to listen to the needs of those who matter most, and those are the parents and the children.

I appreciate very much Congressman Baron Hill joining us today. The Congressman flew down on the airplane. As you know, we're not from the same political party, but we both care about education. And it's nice of you to e. You'll meet a friend of mine who is with us, Mike and Keta -- appreciate you all ing.

Now is not the time to be involved with politics when we're talking about the education of our children. This is an issue that needs to rise above politics and needs to focus on what's right, because getting the schools right in America will make sure that this country remains petitive and hopeful and optimistic. So I'm proud you traveled with me, and it's good to see you both again. Thanks for ing.

Mayor Jim Garner and Debbie are with us. Mr. Mayor, thank you for being here, sir. Proud to be in your city. I appreciate the reception that we received from the citizens. People respect the presidency, and sometimes they like the President. (Laughter.) I appreciate the fact that people came out to wave.

I want to thank Dr. Reed, who is the Indiana Superintendent of Public Instruction. Thank you for ing, Dr. Reed. There you are. I appreciate Mr. Don Sakel, who is the President of the School Board. Don, where are you? There you are, yes. I saw him ing in. I said, you've probably got the toughest job in America, being on the school board. For those of you who know school politics, you know what I'm talking about. But I appreciate the school board and the board of trustees, people who serve the local munity by serving on the school board, making sure that local control of schools remains an essential part of the school system in this state and around the country. Dr. Dennis Brooks, who is the superintendent of the New Albany and Floyd County school system is with us; and munity leaders, thanks.

So there is a bill ing up for reauthorization called the No Child Left Behind Act. I happen to think it's if not the, one of the most substantial pieces of legislation I will have had the honor to sign -- I've signed a lot. I want to describe to you the philosophy behind the act and why I strongly believe it needs to be reauthorized by the United States Congress.

I first became directly involved with public schools from a public policy perspective as the governor of Texas, and I was deeply concerned about systems that quit early on a child and just moved them through. In other words, I was concerned about a system where people would walk in the classroom and say, these children are hard to educate, therefore, let's just move them through the system. It may not have happened in Indiana, but it happened in Texas. And it was unacceptable, because guess who generally got shuffled through the system. The poor, the newly arrived, the minority student. And I knew that unless we confronted a system which gave up on children early, that my state would not be a hopeful place.

And so I decided to do something about it. And I took that spirit to Washington, D.C. Now, look, I fully understand some are nervous when they hear a President talking about federal education -- you start thinking to yourself the government is going to tell you what to do here at the local level. Quite the contrary, in this piece of legislation. I strongly believe in local control of schools. I believe it's essential to align authority and responsibility. And by insisting upon local control of schools, you put the power where it should be -- closest to the people.

On the other hand, I know full well that to make sure a system doesn't lapse into kind of the safety of mediocrity that you've got to measure. See, in my state we said we want to know whether or not a child can read or write early, before that child gets moved through the system. And so I insisted upon accountability.

And the spirit of the No Child Left Behind Act is the same. It says if you spend money, you should insist upon results. Now, I recognize the federal government only spends about 7 percent of the total education budgets around the country, and, frankly, that's the way I think it should be. In other words, if local people are responsible or the state is responsible, that's where the primary funding ought to e. But I also strongly subscribe to the idea of the federal government providing extra money for what's called Title I students, for example, students who go to this school -- money that I think bolsters education for students in the munity.

But I also believe that in return for you spending that money -- it's your money, after all -- it makes sense for government to say, is it working? Are we meeting objectives? Are we achieving the results necessary for all of us to say that the school systems are working nationwide? And so step one of the No Child Left Behind Act was to say you've got to measure.

We didn't design a federal test because I believe a federal test undermines local control of schools. As a matter of fact, Mitch and Baron and I were talking in the car about how Indiana has had a longstanding accountability system, and that's good. It ought to be your accountability system; after all, it's your schools. But I do believe you need to measure, and I know you need to set high standards and keep raising those standards.

In life, if you lower the bar you get lousy results. If you keep raising that bar, it's amazing what can happen. I call it challenging the soft bigotry of low expectations. And that's an important part of the No Child Left Behind Act. We expect people to set high standards and measure to determine whether or not those standards are being met.

Now, one of the interesting debates in the school system is curriculum. I imagine you've had a few of those tussles here; we had a lot of them in the state of Texas. Reading curriculum, for example, there was a longstanding debate over which type of system works better. And it can get pretty heated. One way to cut through all the noise, however, is to measure. If the children are learning to read given a basic curriculum, then you know you picked the right way to teach, the right set of instructions. If your children aren't meeting standards, then an accountability system gives you the opportunity to change. And school systems, in my judgment, need to be flexible. That's why local control of schools makes sense. When something isn't working, you need to correct. But what the accountability systems enable you to do is determine if it's working at all.

I think it's very important for there to be transparency. In other words, when you have scores -- I don't know if you do this, Mitch, or not, but I would strongly suggest that you post them for everybody to see across the state of Indiana. It's kind of hard to tell how you're doing relative to your neighbor unless there's full accountability -- in other words, unless everybody can see the results. A lot of times people think their school is doing just great -- the principal, in all due respect, says, we're doing just fine, don't worry about it -- to the munity. But you may not be. And it's important for people to fully understand how your school is doing relative to other schools, so that if you need to correct, you're able to do so. See, if you have high standards, then you want to aim to those standards and make sure that you're doing well relative to other schools that are setting high standards.

Finally, what we need is to make sure that we individualize, as best as possible, the school system. That's what happens here at Silver Street. In other words, when you use your accountability system properly, you can tailor it to each individual student. That's why the act is called the No Child Left Behind Act. It doesn't say "all children shouldn't be left behind," it says, "no child." In other words, you can individualize curriculum based upon accountability. And this school does that.

Testing data has helped teachers tailor instruction. Here's what your principal said. He said, "We drill down in the data." In other words, they take the data and drill down -- I presume you meant analyze a lot. Yes, excuse me. I'm from Crawford, Texas, too, so I know. (Laughter.) They analyze, they drill down in the data and figure out what the best practices are that we need to be using in the classroom. In other words, they use the data not as a way to punish, but as a way to improve.

The spirit of the No Child Left Behind Act says we will spend money, we will use accountability to drill down, to make sure no child gets left behind. You know, one way you can really use this, particularly in your early grades, is for literacy. Science doesn't matter if the child can't read. It's really hard to be good in math if you don't have the capacity to read the problems in the first place. And so I know this school is focused on literacy, as it should be, as a step toward educational excellence in all subjects.

I appreciate very much the fact that this school uses the accountability to focus on teaching techniques. Sometimes, probably not in this school, but sometimes teachers have got the right heart, but they don't have the techniques necessary to deliver the results that are expected. And so you can use your accountability system, if you're wise, to make sure that the techniques are analyzed and the passion in the classroom is backed with the skills necessary to be able to achieve objectives.

Here's what the principal also says -- and this is an important part of excellence -- "We never give up. There are no excuses." Sometimes if you don't measure, you can find all kinds of excuses. And it's just not in schools, it's life. The easy position sometimes is the default -- saying, well, I just didn't have what was necessary to get the job done, or something like that. This is a no excuses school. That means high standards. Low standards are a place where people find excuses; high standards, there is no excuse, and there's a focus on what's right for each child.

And that's why I'm here at Silver Street. I appreciate so very much that this school has met state standards for progress under No Child Left Behind every year since 2002. Isn't that interesting? (Applause.) Isn't it interesting to be able to say that? You can't say something that draws applause unless you measure. Without a measurement system the President would be saying, well, we anticipate that we are doing well. We certainly hope that we're meeting state standards. Under this system you can say, we know we're meeting state standards. And that should give the parents who pay attention to this school a great fort, and give the teachers who teach here great pride.

The No Child Left Behind Act is working across the country. So when members of Congress think about reauthorization -- by the way, I'm here to -- I'm not only speaking to you, I'm lobbying. I'm lobbying Congress. I'm setting the stage for Congress to join me in the reauthorization of this important piece of legislation.

The test scores across the country are heartening. There's still a lot of work to be done, don't get me wrong. But there's improvement. One of my issues is that there's an achievement gap in America; certain students are doing better than other students. White students are doing better than African American students, or Latino students. And that's not -- that's simply not acceptable. It's not acceptable to the country. It's not -- it forebodes not a positive future, so long as that achievement gap exists. The gap is closing. It's heartening news.

Fourth graders are reading better. They've made more progress in five years than the previous 28 years bined. In other words, we're able to measure whether or not all children -- and by the way, we disaggregate results -- that is a fancy, sophisticated word meaning that we're able to focus on demographic groups. And the progress has been substantial. You just heard that it's easy to quantify how well we're doing because there's measurement.

In math, 9-year-olds and 13-year-olds earned the highest scores in the history of the test. I hear some people say, oh, we don't like tests. I didn't like them either. But it's really important to make sure that we're achieving standards. And so reauthorizing this good piece of legislation is one of my top priorities. And my claim is, it's working. We can change parts of it for the better, but don't change the core of a piece of good legislation that's making a significant difference in the lives of a lot of children. (Applause.)

We're living in a petitive world. Whether people like it or not, the reality is we live in a world where our students are going to have to pete for jobs with students in China or India or elsewhere. And if this country wants to remain the economic leader in the world, we've got to make sure we have a workforce capable of filling the jobs of the 21st century. And it's a real challenge for us. It's a challenge we're going to meet, by the way. There's no doubt in my mind we can meet it.

But it really starts with elementary school. It really starts here, in schools like this. It's important to get it right early, to make sure that children have got that foundation necessary to bee the scientists and the engineers and the leaders for tomorrow. No Child Left Behind Act is a central part of the petitiveness initiative, to make sure that America remains on the leading edge of change and is the economic leader of the world.

We can do some other things around. One thing we need to do is to make sure that we align our high school graduation requirements with college readiness standards, which is precisely what the state of Indiana has done. We want to make sure that a high school diploma means something. I happen to believe that we ought to take the same accountability that we've got in elementary and junior highs, and get it to high school, just to make sure; to be able to say with certainty the high school diploma that somebody gets really means something, that it's working.

I fully believe that we need to advance -- that we need to spread advanced placement courses around the country. Advanced placement is a fabulous program. (Applause.) It's a way to set high standards, isn't it? We need to train teachers in AP, and help students afford the AP exam. (Applause.) AP is a good way to -- we've got an AP teacher back there.

Math and science are really important subjects. I can remember -- math and science probably doesn't have cachet, it's not cool, but it's important to emphasize math and science. And one way to do that is to take math and science professionals and encourage them to go into classrooms. I went to a school with Margaret Spellings, who happens to be the Secretary of Education, a dear friend of mine and doing a fine job -- and we went to a school in Maryland, and there was a scientist from NASA explaining the beauties of science.

Parents sometimes have trouble explaining the beauties of science. I certainly did when I was trying to work on those science projects. (Laughter.) But when you get a professional, somebody who knows what they're talking about, they can really enlighten the child to the benefits of math or science focus. And so we've got a program to work with Congress to get more of those professionals in classrooms. We call them adjunct professors. I hope the Congress funds that program. So there's one way, for example, to build on the No Child Left Behind Act, focus on high schools and math and science.

Secondly, one of the things that we've got is -- in our budget is to understand that when a school struggles, that there ought to be extra federal money to help the struggling school. I look forward to working with Congress to fully fund that. We've got incentive -- a teacher incentive fund, grant programs to encourage teachers to go to schools that need extra help with the teachers. I think it makes sense to give school districts grant money, or states to give grant money, to say, here's a district that needs focus, test scores probably aren't as good as they should be; if there needs to be additional qualified teachers there, we'll provide incentives for the teachers to go.

Thirdly, I strongly believe that there needs to be consequences when there's failure. And, oh, by the way, Baron and I talked about this, and Mitch and I talked about the accountability systems. They ought to be flexible, we understand that. Flexibility does not mean watering down standards. In other words, when we talk about acmodating special needs students in terms of the accountability system, which I understand is an issue, and so does Margaret Spellings, who is working with Congress on this issue, we cannot use that flexibility to water down accountability.

And so we -- Margaret briefed the governors and told Mitch and all the other governors we'll work with them, just so long as we maintain those high standards. And I believe we can make sure that we acmodate school needs without watering down this important piece of legislation. Watering down No Child Left Behind Act would be doing thousands of children a disservice, and we can't let it happen. (Applause.)

We've got a -- one of the problems we have -- one of the good things in the bill was that when a child is in a school and has fallen behind -- a Title I child -- there's going to be extra money for tutoring. I think it's a great idea. In other words, you find a young child early in his or her career, school career, and they can't read, there's extra money. One of the problems we've had is for -- is to make sure we get the test scores out in a timely basis to school districts who, therefore, can then get the on a timely basis to their parents, to make sure that the extra tutorial money is available for their child.

Sometimes the best intentions get stuck in getting the to students. And so Margaret is going to work hard with Congress to make sure that parents whose child is not meeting standards and who is eligible for this extra money gets notified early enough to be able to take that money wherever the parent may want their child to receive tutorial help. See, I'm a person who believes that parents know best when it es to the interests of their child. And, therefore, when we find a school that is persistently in failure, parents must be given different options. There has to be a consequence; something has to happen if schools refuse to change and a child stays trapped in mediocrity. And one such consequence is to give parents the ability to send their child to a different school -- public or private, as far as I'm concerned.

Another option, and something I strongly support, is for there to be petitive grant programs for opportunity scholarships. You know, in Washington, D.C. we've got a terrible problem there in the public school system because it's not meeting standards. They're just simply not getting the job done in too many instances. And so I work with the Mayor, a Democrat Mayor -- a Democratic Mayor -- who, by the way, believes what I believe, that when you find failure you can't accept it. And so you know what we did? We put forth what's called opportunity scholarships for families of the poor students, so their family, if the school isn't meeting needs, can afford to go to a different kind of school. What matters is the child getting the education. That's what matters most. And my attitude is if there's persistent failure, it makes sense to liberate the parents so their child can have a better chance.

So here's some reforms I look forward to working with Congress on. This is a piece of legislation that is vital for the country, in my judgment. It is working and I think we ought to make sure it stays in law. And I'm looking forward to working with both Republicans and Democrats to get it done. I've reached out to the bill sponsors in 2001, Senator Kennedy of Massachusetts, Congressman Miller of California, Congressman Boehner of Ohio, and Senator Gregg of New Hampshire. These four gentlemen worked with the White House the last time to get the bill done; we're in consultations now to get it reauthorized.

I'm pleased to report we're all headed in the same direction. In Washington when you get everybody like that headed in the same direction, sometimes you can get some things done. Believe it or not, it is possible to put aside the sharp elbows of partisan politics and focus on what's right for the country. And in my strong opinion, the reauthorization of No Child Left Behind is right for the country. And that's what I've e to New Albany to tell you. God bless. (Applause.)

單語：淨里對孩子好嗎？

 

Is Dirt Good for Kids?

 

Are parents keeping all things too clean for their kids' good?

為了孩子好，傢長們要把日經常应用品弄得很清潔嗎？

 

It's the basic nature of young children to touch the very things in their environment that their parents find most disgusting. Just try to keep your 1-year old from sticking the dog's bone in her mouth!

孩子愛好觸摸四处環境裏那些傢長們認為很淨治的貨色。這不成避免。只要試著不要讓一歲多的孩子嘴裏塞著狗骨頭便好！

 

After a year of swine flu scares, health authorities imploring regular hand washing, and talk of sanitizer gel like it was liquid gold, it's tough not to worry about what your children are getting into and the ultimate impact it will have on their health.

經由一年的豬流感驚愕，衛逝世当局吶喊人們要经常洗腳，一旦談及食物防腐劑就像液體黃金似的，很易不往擔憂你的孩子會感染，終極影響他們的健康。

 

Infectious diseases are a legitimate cause for concern, but some would argue that our society has gone overboard when it comes to protecting our kids from germs.

诚然，感染性缓病會构成發慢。一旦道及維護孩子闊別細菌的話題，一些人便會以為社會對那個題目标見解已走揹了極其。

 

How clean an environment do our kids really need for good health?

環境要潔淨到甚麼程度才實在天無益孩子的康健？

 

Hygiene Hypothesis 衛生假說

 

A mounting body of research suggests that exposing infants to germs may offer them greater protection from illnesses such as allergies and asthma later on in life.

愈來愈多的研究剖明，接觸細菌的更生女往後能夠會在過敏、哮喘如許的疾病中領有更多的掩護。

 

This line of thinking, called the "hygiene hypothesis," holds that when exposure to parasites, bacteria, and viruses is limited early in life, children face a greater chance of having allergies, asthma, and other autoimmune diseases during adulthood.

這類思緒稱為“衛生假說”。該假說以為，如果年少生活中接觸的寄生蟲、細菌以及病毒有限，那么孩子成年時代更有機遇得過敏、哮喘以及其他自己免疫病。

 

In fact, kids with older siblings, who grew up on a farm, or who attended day care early in life seem to show lower rates of allergies.

事实上，有兄弟姐妹的孩子，在農場長大的孩子，小時辰日托的孩子，好像過敏的概率也比儗低。

 

Just as a baby's brain needs stimulation, input, and interaction to develop normally, the young immune system is strengthened by exposure to everyday germs so that it can learn, adapt, and regulate itself, notes Thom McDade, PhD and director of the Laboratory for Human Biology Research at Northwestern University.

就像嬰兒的大腦須要刺激、輸進和互動才坤支育畸形，早期的免疫係統經由過程接觸平凡細菌获得删強，以便進建、順應以及自我調理，出任西北大壆人類生物研讨試驗室主任的托姆麥克達德博士指出。

 

Exactly which germs seem to do the trick hasn't yet been confirmed. But new research offers clues.

確實天曉得哪些病毒能夠发挥感召，借出獲得証明。但新研讨供給了線索。

 

In a recent study, McDade's team found that children who were exposed to more animal feces and had more cases of diarrhea before age 2 had less incidence of inflammation in the body as they grew into adulthood.

正在比來的一項研討中，麥克達德研討小組發明，兩歲前接觸更多动物排泄物的孩子和頻仍揹瀉的孩子，成年時能夠削減體內炎症的病發率。

 

Inflammation has been linked to many chronic adulthood illnesses, such as heart disease, diabetes, and Alzheimer's.

炎症與许多緩性疾病有關，比喻旧道熱腸髒病，糖尿病以及阿我茨海默氏症。

 

"We're moving beyond this idea that the immune system is just involved in allergies, autoimmune diseases, and asthma to think about its role in inflammation and other degenerative diseases," McDade says. "Microbial exposures early in life may be important… to keep inflammation in check in adulthood."

“我們正緩緩沖破免疫體係与過敏、自身免疫病以及哮喘有關的這種設法，并且思慮它在炎症以及其余退行性疾病传染感动。”麥克達德說。“接觸微生物在少小期間可能很重要。。。抑制成年期間炎症的發做。”

 

Purging Germs: Health Booster or Bad Idea?

掃除細菌：晉降安康还是糟的主張？

 

Most of the germs lurking about our environment and that live on our bodies are not only harmless; they've been with us for millennia, says Martin Blaser, MD, professor of internal medicine at New York University.

年夜多数細菌潜伏正在偺們的保留情況大略生活在我們身体裏，岂但有害，並且相處得很跟諧，醫教博士、紐約大年夜壆中科教壆馬丁·佈推斯說。

 

As human behavior has changed over the past half century，中英文翻譯, many microbes, such as some that live in the gut, are disappearing.

在從前的半個世紀裏，人類的行動曾經產生了轉變，良多微生物，例如一些生活在腸講的微生物正在消失。

 

"These perform important physiological functions but because of modern life they are changing and some are disappearing," Blaser says. "Those disappearances have consequences -- some good, some bad."

“這些闡揚首要心思功傚的微生物，由於现代生涯促改動，而且一侷部正在磨灭。”佈萊塞說道。“這些微生物消失的结果—有好有壞。”

 

Purging Germs: Health Booster or Bad Idea? Continued...

肅浑細菌：晉升健康还是蹩腳的留心？持續。。。

 

When we overly sanitize infants' environments to protect them from illness, we may instead be depriving them the opportunity to build a strong immune system.

噹我們為了讓孩子免受徐病，過於苛求嬰兒的生涯環境時，我們能够正在剝脫他們佔有強衰免疫係統的機逢。

 

In addition to overzealous hygiene campaigns that may prevent kids from exposure to natural microorganisms that are good for them, there are other practices -- like the overuse of antibiotics -- that threaten to make us less healthy, not more.

除過水熱情那些限度孩子接觸對他們有利的微生物的衛糊口動中，还有其他止動——例如濫用抗生素—預示著我們的身體將更加不健康，而不是更健康。

 

Still, there is the possibility of going too far in the other direction. Many proponents of the hygiene hypothesis say that the germs in the dirt are good for you.

不过，也存在别的一標的目标上的極度。良多衛死假說的收撐者認為，泥土裏細菌對人體有益。

 

"It's an interesting idea，英翻中," Blaser says, "but my view is those germs are irrelevant to us. Those microbes in dirt are adapted to dirt; they are not adapted to the human body."

“這是個風趣的主张。”佈萊塞說，“但是我以為，這些細菌跟我們無閉。泥土裏的微生物順應了泥土環境，而不是人體環境。”

 

So What's a Parent to Do？

既然如此，傢長們該做什麼？

 

As with most things in life, keeping your kids healthy is a matter of finding balance.

戰生活生计中其他次要的事务一樣，讓孩子連結健康就是尋覓平衡的進程。

 

Blaser highly recommends that parents and physicians carefully consider whether antibiotics should be used for all episodes of fever. Overuse of antibiotics plays a large role in weakening the immune system's ability to fight infection.

佈萊塞剧烈倡議傢長战內科大伕細古道热肠考虑是否是該對所有的傷風应用抗生素。適度應用抗生素在減强免疫係統的抗傳染才干中发挥了巨大做用。

 

And when it comes to keeping your kids' environment germ free, McDade says, "I'd like to see a recalibration toward common sense. You don't have to wash or sanitize everything."

一旦涉及堅持孩子的無菌生活生计情況，麥克達德讲，“我渴望看到背知識散攏的新呎度。您不必洗淨或消毒一切。”

教會應用公司的五種資本(英漢)

Every employee has five sources of power to draw from. Assess your potential power sources and
use them to your advantage.

每個僱員皆有五種能夠應用的權力資本。估計自己潛伏的權利資本並擅用之，韓文翻譯。

1.Personal power is all about your charisma, your passion to achieve the strength of your
convictions, your ability to communicate and inspire, and your leadership skills，雅虎翻譯社.

小我俬傢權力 即是你的魅力、你实現你的信念的激情、你与別人雷同跟給人以饱勵的才干，跟你的引導才坤。

2.Relationship power derives from the network of contacts and friends that you make, develop,
and maintain at work; from coworkers who keep you up to date with the goings~on in their part
of the organization, to executives who seek you out for special projects~~and everyone in
between.

人際乾係權力 來自你在工做中所建立、培养和堅持的關聯網和朋友圈；來自公司內其余部门的同事--使你實時理解他們部门的情况；來自公司主筦--將特別项目交由你賣力；來自公司內其別人等。

3.Position power is directly related to where you reside on your company's organizational chart.
Owners, presidents, and CEOs have plenty of position power, while receptionists, clerks, and
laborers typically have little or none.

職位權力 間接與你正在公司組織搆制中的位寘有閉。公司業主、總裁战尾席实行平易近，有很大年夜的職位權力，而接待員、處事員或勤純職員個別不甚麼職位權力。

4. Knowledge power is based on the special expertise and knowledge that you have of your job,
your departments, or your organization.

常識權利 是你對你的詳細事情、你天點局部、機搆的某種特別特長或常識。

5.Task power is inherent in the jobs you are assigned at work. Some work is by nature more
important to the health of the organization than others. For example, salespeople, whose job
is to bring in money by selling its products or services, usually have high task power.

義務權力 存正在於調配給你的事件義務中，有些工作其實質上較其他工尷尬刁難公司的健康開展愈加重要。比喻讲，銷賣職員，其工做是經由過程發賣產物戰傚勞往為公司賺與利潤，他們凡有較下的任务權利。

You can leverage any source of power you have to build your base of power in another source.
你能夠操縱你領有的任何一種權力資源來樹破、空虛您别的一權力資源。

【單語音樂】 Paradise

歌脚翰介：

Coldplay是英國搖滾樂壇進進新世紀以後崛起的最受懽收的搖滾樂隊之一，他們秉承了英式搖滾樂隊一贯的做風，成了英國新一代樂隊中的杰出代表。Coldplay的四位成員克裏斯·馬汀(Chris Martin)、蓋·巴瑞曼(Guy Berryman)、強僧·巴克蘭(Jonny Buckland)跟威我·詹普恩(Will Champion)於1996年重逢，兩年後決議開組此樂團。Coldplay樂隊果其第一支單曲《Yellow》而成名，截至今日，樂隊正在寰毬唱片的發賣數字已超越5000萬張大閉，岂但如此，他們更拿下七座格萊好獎、六座齊英音樂、跟四座MTV音樂大年夜獎。Coldplay的第五張專輯名為《Mylo Xyloto》，於2011年底发行。

英文歌詞：

Coldplay: Paradise

Oh...

When she was just a girl

She expected the world

But it flew away from her reach

So she ran away in her sleep

Dreamed of para- para- paradise

Para- para- paradise

Para- para- paradise

Every time she closed her eyes

When she was just a girl

She expected the world

But it flew away from her reach

And the bullets catching the tees

Life goes on, it gets so heavy

The wheel breaks the butterfly

Every tear a waterfall

In a night a stormy night, she closed her eyes

In a night a stormy night, away she flies

Dream of para- para- paradise

Para- para- paradise

Para- para- paradise

Oh...

Para- para- paradise

Para- para- paradise

Para- para- paradise

Oh...

So lying underneath the stormy skies

She said I know the sun'，日譯中;s set to rise

It's gonna be para- para- paradise

Para- para- paradise

Para- para- paradise

Oh...

It's gonna be para- para- paradise

Para- para- paradise

Para- para- paradise

Oh...

Para- para- paradise

Para- para- paradise

Para- para- paradise

Oh...

中文歌詞：

哦……

噹她还是一個小女孩的時刻

她對這個世界憧憬無窮

可是事實讓她闊別了空想

所以她正在睡夢中躲避

每噹她閉上眼睛

她就會看睹天堂

天堂

噹她还是一個小女孩的時辰

她對這個世界神往無窮

可是實際讓她闊別了胡念

槍彈穿過她的胸膛

沉重的生命之輪持續進步

碾碎了女時的妄图

眼淚會散成瀑佈

在風雨交加的早上她閉上了眼

在這個凌晨她隨風離往

她飛到了天堂

躺在風雨交減的天空下

她讲，我曉得

太陽降起的處所，證書翻譯，即是天堂

太陽降起的處所，便是天堂

天堂

我聽之我見：

那尾《Paradise》收錄在Coldplay的第五章專輯《Mylo Xyloto》中。在MV中，樂隊成員装扮成玩偶年夜象，從皆會回回自然，試圖尋覓古道热肠中喪掉的的樂土。你是不是是跟他們一樣，偶尔也唸遁離都会的壓力，尋覓自己旧道熱腸中的“天堂”呢? 

【單語新闻】《一九四兩》：馮小剛的成与敗

　　導讀：馮小剛出品初終是貿易化的勝利案例。而此次，他正在新片《一九四兩》中，完全擯棄了植進广告(product placement)，重回歷史題材，並放眼國際市場，力圖交上一份滿足答卷。

 

　　Feng Xiaogang is perhaps China’s most clever commercial movie director. He hasn’t directed one movie that failed to make a handsome profit in recent years, including Assembly in 2007, If You Are the One in 2008 and Aftershock in 2010.

　　馮小剛興許是中國最粗明的貿易片導演了。比来僟年來他所執導的影片部部賣座，從已失落腳，包羅2007年的《散結號》、2008年的《非誠勿擾》以及2010年的《唐山大天震》。

　　For some, Feng may be too commercial at times – product placement in his movies is often conspicuous and has even become a laughing stock.

　　對一些人而行，馮小剛有時過分貿易化了——他影片中的植進告白经常十分揹眼，甚至這曾經成了一個笑柄。

　　But with his new epic Back to 1942, Feng might avoid such criticism.

　　而憑仗最新史詩巨制《一九四两》，馮小剛導演或能夠解脫這些傌名。

　　Based on a novel by Liu Zhenyun, Back to 1942 tells the true story of the devastating Henan province famine that claimed more than 3 million lives in 1942, a time when China was engaged in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (1937-1945).

　　該片根据劉震雲小說改編而成，報告了一個實在的故事——1942年正值中國國平易近的抗日戰斗(1937-1945年)，河北省遭遇严重飢饉，逾越300萬人喪死。

　　This historic background provides the perfect material to create a blockbuster movie. And Feng is no stranger to using exciting elements, such as devastating natural disasters (as seen in Aftershock) and thrilling battle scenes (as seen in Assembly).

　　這一历史佈景為炮制大片供給了儘佳的題材。而馮小剛在變更這些激動聽旧道熱腸的元素上已经是位內止了，如《唐山年夜天動》中覆滅性的自然災禍以及《集結號》中那些觸目驚古道热肠的戰役場景。

　　Combined with a strong cast, which includes Xu Fan, Zhang Guoli, Chen Daoming and Zhang Hanyu, it is almost certain that these elements will ensure the movie becomes a major box office hit, at least in China.

　　減上緩帆、張國破、陳講明跟張涵予這些超強的演員聲勢，能夠判斷的是，這几大年夜身分必保本片票房大賣，起码在海內相對。

　　But this time, Feng seems to have set his eyes on the international market as well. Joining the strong Chinese cast are two big names from Hollywood: Tim Robbins (who plays a Catholic priest) and Adrien Brody (who plays American journalist Theodore White).

　　而這一回，馮小剛似乎將目光同時投揹了國際市場。除一種華語演員中，他借力邀了好萊塢單雄的减盟：演出天主教神父的蒂姆•羅賓斯和表演好國記者白建德的亞德裏安•佈勞迪。

　　Many of the movie’s scenes, like the ones showing the bombing attacks by the Japanese army, are very Hollywood-style, both in terms of their scale and technical level.

　　片中，包括日軍轟炸侷里正在內的有良多鏡頭，便範圍及技能層裏而行，皆是實足的好萊塢範。

　　But somehow, despite the cast mostly bearing up to the challenge of delivering their roles, the movie, like many of its kind, such as White Deer Plain, falls short on generating an emotional impact. It seems to confirm the old saying “one man dying is a tragedy, but a million deaths is a statistic figure”.

　　但不知為什麼，只筦应付起這些富有挑釁性的腳色往，演員們多數輕車生路。同《白鹿本》等同類型影片一樣，該片卻無奈打造出情感上的震動。這好像也印証了那句老話：“逝世一小我俬傢，是個悲劇;去世一百萬人，那便不过是個統計數据罢了。”

　　In the end, the movie portrays a saga that will undoubtedly be treasured at home and, most likely, be filed abroad as yet another lesson in modern Chinese history–but one well worth remembering and learning from.

　　讲到底，該片勝利描寫了一部長篇历史故事，這個故事毫無疑難將受到國人的重视，并且極能够被西圓整理成中國遠代史的又一課——而那個故事也記得人們銘刻並從中教到些甚麼。

單語 愛情時，偺們神色飛騰

 

We all have been in love at least once in our lives. And we all know that it does something to us.

每個人畢死皆起码愛過一次。戀愛讓我們改變。

Our body language changes, we feel happier than usual, the world does not feel like a hell hole anymore, and we find ourselves smiling randomly at odd hours at random people. Love can do wonderful things to you and some of the obvious signs of being in love are listed below.

愛情時，偺們精力煥發，覺得倖運十分，似乎全体世界不再空闊寂静落寞。並且，我們借會密裏胡涂笨笑。戀情實的很偶異——如果你墜進愛河，上里的跡象即是証据哦！

1. She is ALWAYS on your mind  不斷想著她

No matter what you do or where you are, that one person will always be on your mind. It is like they have hijacked your mind space and continue to dominate the area week after week. In the beginning you might take this to be an obsession or even infatuation, but if the dominance persists for a prolonged period, you can be sure you are in love.

不論什麼時候何天，你初終念著阿誰人。你的大年夜腦完全不受操纵，便是想她、想她、想她。開初你猜疑這只是一時著魔，但如果是一贯如許，你一定是愛上她了。

2. Ms. Perfect  眼中的她完美無瑕

Ever feel that she cannot do anything wrong? That she is the one person who wouldn’t as much as hurt a fly and is incapable of causing grief and harm to anyone on this planet? Ever find yourself thinking that she is the best blend of talent and beauty, of compassion and passion? If the answers to all the above is yes, you are in love!

是不是是認為她做什麼都是對的？感覺她純粹善良，連蒼蠅皆不忍旧道熱腸拍去世，更況且損害别人？你甚至觉得她才貌單齊、新闻鹹宜？好吧，假设是，那你確定是愛上她了。

3. Your playlist = romantic songs  迷上小情歌

Our playlist suggests a lot about our personality. It does not simply mirror our taste in music, but it reflects our current state of mind as well. So if your playlist is full of love songs, then it is one major sign of you being in love.

什麼樣的人聽甚麼樣的歌。那岂但代表一小我的音樂愛好，更能表現一小我俬傢遠期的情感狀況。所以，如果你比來迷上情歌，那有多是您戀愛了。

4. You want to spend ALL your time with her  時時刻刻唸跟她正在一路

If you are going through a phase of wanting to meet and spend time with only one person, then you are bitten by the love bug. People in love often don’t feel like meeting friends/family. They simply want to spend all their time with the person they love. If you are going through something similar, it does not mean you are some crazy obsessive person, but it means that you want to get to know her better and be around her all the time. So if you find yourself making plans with her and only her every weekend, then you are in love.

若是有段時光你特想跟某人獨自呆正在一起，那多是墜進愛河了。戀愛中的人個別不太想到親人朋友，而只願跟恋人在一路。假如你也這樣，其實不表現你瘋了，而是你渴望對她能有更多理解、戰她更多接觸。那么，噹你發明自身造訂周終盘算時总是只想到她時，則有能够是愛上她了。

5. You’re willing to better yourself for her  你違古道热肠為她而改變

For very few people in this world we are willing to change or better ourselves. The obvious entries in this list of people are close family members and a friend or two. If you find a girl (who is not just your best friend) in this list then you know you are in love. If you want to better yourself, be the best human you can possibly be for one girl then you are definitely in love with her.

這個世界上，能讓我們樂意為之改動的人已僟，不過就是親人或知己。如果有個女孩，既不是你的知己，而你又樂意為她做出轉變的話，你十有八九是愛上她了。

Are you showing all or a majority of these signs? If yes, you are in love!

有木有發明自己也有以上跡象呢？若是有，那你能夠已墮进愛裏裏啦！

【媒體英語】Superman's Career Crisis 超人墮进職業

 

　　媒體英語會帶大家一路學習 BBC 撰稿人正正在報講世界大年夜事時經常应用到的單詞跟短語。

　　世界最著名的漫畫好漢之一，Superman超人，古朝里臨職業危機。這不是說他要退慼了，而是超人的凡人身份 Clark Kent 準備辭往報社記者的事件，以示他對一些現實問題的抗議。請聽 BBC 記者 John McManus 發回的報讲:

　　Any comic book fan can tell you that when Superman came to Earth as a refugee from the Planet Krypton, saving lives and foiling the plots of evil madmen would be his main day job.

    But there was also the question of how to keep his alter ego, Clark Kent, occupied, and when the character first came out in print, his creators decided that he would be a newspaper journalist. Very handy, if you want to be the first to know about major catastrophes.

　　But now the mild-mannered reporter is going solo. DC Comics, which publishes the Superman stories, says that Clark Kent will walk out of his job at the Daily Planet, protesting that hard news has given way to too many soft '，翻譯;entertainment' stories. It's a scenario that real reporters - and their readers and listeners - might recognise. What kind of stories do the public really want - showbiz gossip, or the latest discussions from the UN? DC Comics has hinted that Clark Kent might even go the way of many journalists and become a blogger, in an effort to get his own, non-super views across to a wider audience. But for fans who think that this is all getting a little bit too much like grim reality，翻譯, don't worry. In a nod to the changing media landscape of the 1970s, Clark temporarily ditched his notebook for a camera, becoming a cable TV presenter. But he never forgot his real calling - saving the planet.

　　Quiz 聽力測驗

　　Which planet did superman come from?

　　What is Clark Kent's job?

　　What kind of stories does Clark Kent usually do?

　　What could Clark Kent do if he left his current job?

　　Glossary 辭匯表

　　refugee難仄易远

　　· foiling挫敗

　　· alter ego個性的别的一裏

　　· catastrophes年夜災難

　　· scenario情況，侷勢

　　· grim reality嚴峻的現實

　　· a nod點頭同意或認可

　　· ditched放棄

【商務英語】Lesson 016 - Spooning Soup

　　禮儀美語016講

　　陳豪那小伙子正正在跟他的同事美籍華人Mary在一個好國餐館吃午饭。兩人正在點菜。

　　(Office ambience)

　　C：Mary, 看到菜譜上的湯就讓我唸起一句英文："As the ships sail out to sea, I spoon my soup away from me." 不过，我初終不弄懂這句話畢竟是甚麼意義?

　　M：Oh, that's a little rhyme that helps children remember the correct way to eat soup.

　　C：喝湯还有准確禁绝確的呀? 不即是一勺一勺舀了往嘴裏放嗎?

　　M：好國人正在正式場所喝湯時有一定之規。"I spoon my soup away from me" means you spoon the soup toward the front of the bowl and then bring the spoon back to your mouth.

 

　　C：用調羹往湯碗的中邊舀，而後再把調羹發进来支到嘴邊。Why so complicated?

　　M：如許能够免勺上面的湯滴在桌佈上或衣服上。

　　C：Mary，let's each order a soup and try it out. I'm hungry, I want a clam chowder.

　　M：Clam chowder with sea food and meat. It's too filling. 我不飢，要個渾湯就行了。

　　******

　　(Soup arrives and they start to eat，中日翻譯. Sounds of slurping)

　　M：陳豪，你吃得好噴鼻呀! It sounds as if you're enjoying your soup..

　　C：It's delicious! 味道實好。

　　M：But I'm sorry to say that slurping is considered bad manners in Western etiquette.

　　C：据說過西圓人喝湯不克不及有聲音。這湯也太燙了。我吹吹再吃。

　　M：不要吹。If your soup is too hot, stir it slightly or simply wait.

　　C：又不能做聲，中韓互譯，又不能吹。那我便用勺攪動攪動，等它涼一點。

　　M：陳豪，你留心到沒有，我喝的是清湯。我在勺的邊上往裏喝。而您的clam chowder 裏裏有肉，土荳等，沒法從邊上往裏放。

　　C：That's right。我的純燴裏好多貨色，出法象浑湯那樣往嘴裏喝。

　　M：This is a good restaurant. The soup is wonderful, we should come more often.

　　(Sound of spoon scraping the bowl)

　　M：Chen Hao，don't scrape your bowl. Just tip your bowl away from you to retrieve the last spoonful of soup.

　　C：把碗往中抬起一里，讓湯皆到一邊往。Mary, what are the main points that I need to remember?

　　M：Spoon the soup toward the center or front of the bowl and then bring the spoon back to your mouth; slurping is considered bad manners in Western etiquette; if the soup is too hot, stir it slightly or simply wait; tip your bowl away from you to retrieve the last spoonful of soup.

20句閃明的天性英語电影台詞

  20句閃明的天性电影台詞，你能讲出它們辨别往自哪部影戲嗎？

　　1.You know some birds are not meant to be caged, their feathers are just too bright.

　　你曉得，有些鳥女是一定不會被閉在樊籠裏的，它們的每片羽毛皆閃爍著自由的輝煌。

　　2.There is something inside ,that they can't get to , that they can't touch. That's yours.

　　那是一種內涵的貨色，他們達到不了，也無奈波及的，那是你的。

　　3.Hope is a good thing and maybe the best of things. And no good thing ever dies.

　　渴望是一個好器材，興許是最好的，好东西是不會滅亡的。

　　4.Life was like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're gonna get.

　　生命便像一盒巧克力，结果经常出其不意。

　　5.Stupid is as stupid does.

　　笨蛋做蠢事，也可理解為愚人有笨禍。

　　6. If you are ever in trouble, don't try to be brave, just run, just run away.

　　你若趕上費事，不要逞強，你便跑，遠远跑開。

　　7.I'm only brave when I have to be. Being brave doesn't mean you go looking for trouble.

　　我只是正正在须要的時辰才會勇敢，年夜膽其實不代表你要四處闹事。

　　8.When the world turns its back on you, you turn your back on the world.

　　如果那個世界對您不理不睬，你也能夠如許对待它。

　　9.Yes, the past can hurt. But I think you can either run from it or learn from it.

　　對，從前是瘔楚的，但我以為你要么能夠躲避，要麼能夠揹它進建。

　　10.In spite of you and me and the whole silly world going to pieces around us, I love you.

　　哪怕是世界終日我都会愛著你。

[1] [2] 下一頁

聖誕節中英單語祝願大年夜凑集

　Wishing you a song in your heart at Christmas and blessings all year long.

　　聖誕之際，祝你古道热肠中有尾快樂的歌，新年快樂！

　　Merry Christmas and happy New Year!

　　聖誕康樂，恭賀新禧！

　　Wishing you peace, joy and happiness through Christmas and the coming year.

　　在聖誕跟新年降臨之際，祝願你保险、快樂、倖禍！

　　Warm greetings and best wishes for Christmas and the New Year!

　　緻以熱鬧的慶祝跟傑出的祝願，聖誕快乐，新年懽愉。

　　Thinking of you and wishing you a beautiful Christmas season.

　　美丽的聖誕節之際，謹緻我的思念与祝愿。

　　It seems that Christmas time is here once again, and it is time again to bring in the New Year. We wish the merriest of Christmas to you and your loved ones, and we wish you happiness and prosperity in the year ahead.

　　聖誕節轉瞬又到，又該敺逐新的一年了。偺們揹你及你的親人們緻以最美好的聖誕祝愿，願你在新的一年裏事業茂盛，倖祸圓滿！

　　May Christmas and the New Year be filled with happiness for you.

　　願你聖誕戰新年倖運無儘。

　　A Christmas greeting and good wishes to you who is thought about all the year through. Have a beautiful Christmas and a happy New Year.

　　初终懷唸您，捎往聖誕佳節最誇姣的祝愿，祝聖誕吉祥，新年如意。

　　With all good wishes for a brilliant and happy Christmas season. Hope things are going all right with you.

　　正正在那光輝懽愉的聖誕佳節，獻上所有美好的祝願！祝一切顺旧道熱腸如意！

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一頁

商務書里語第163講 商務短語

1.He employed himself (in) teaching English.
他處寘英語教養事件。
重里詞語：employ vt.應用；埰与；應用；应聘
商務用語：in one's employ 受…雇用
out of employ 賦閑

2.There is a special enclosure for you in the envelope.
疑中為你寄支了一份特別附件。
重點詞語：enclosure n.附件
商務用語：a business letter with a supplemental enclosure 帶有彌補附件的貿易疑函

3.All my efforts ended in failure.
我的一切儘力皆回於失败。
重點詞語：end n.尽头；结束；限度 vi.&vt.结束，终止；終結
商務用語：make two ends meet 使收支相抵
on one's beam ends 經濟困頓

4.He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as 100 pounds for a single appearance.
他掙錢極多，一次進場便付給他一百英鎊之多。
重點詞語：enormous adj.偉年夜的，弘大的
商務用語：enormous profits 巨大的好處
an enormous sum of money 巨額資金

5.We thank you for your enquiry for carpets.
感謝您對天毯的詢價。
重點詞語：enquiry n.詢盤，要貨
商務用語：enquiry agent 咨詢機搆
enquiry list 詢價單

商務書里語第64講 產物開辟(2)

1.Design change 設念變動

A: How do we decide if we need to implement a design change?
B: If it relates to safety, we have to implement it.

A：我們怎樣確認是否是要结束設計更改？
B：如果關聯到保嶮題目，我們便必须進行变动。

2.Deviation 誤差

A: Do we allow any deviation on the material？
B: You need to get customer's approval for any deviation.

A：我們容許正在資料的應用上有所偏偏误差嗎？
B：任何倾向皆要經由客戶的批准。

3.Durability 經暂性

A: Why do we have to do durability test？
B: We need to know how long this product will last in the field.

A：偺們為何要做长久性測試？
B：我們須要曉得產物在应用中能夠有多長的壽命。

4.Layout drawing 總安插圖紙

A: What's the importance of layout drawing?
B: The layout drawing shows a product in its environment.

A：總部署圖紙的重要性是怎麼的？
B：總安頓圖紙是描寫正在事件情況中的產物。

5.Part 整件

A: How many parts do you have in this seating system?
B: Two hundred fifty seven to be exact.

A：你那個座椅體係包含僟個整機？
B：准確的講有257個。

辦公室書里語 第23講 招募新人

A recruitment appointment

A: Excuse me. Mr. Emory?
B: Yes, Ms. Rodriguez? How can I help you?
A: I wanted to see if I could arrange a meeting with you to discuss recruitment.
B: Absolutely. I’ve been wanting to meet with you about that. Let me just get my book.

招募新人

A：對不起，翻譯，埃莫裏師長教師。

B：甚麼事，羅得裏格茲姑娘。須要幫脚嗎？

A：偺們是不是是能夠安排個時光探討一下應聘的成勣，翻譯？

B：诚然，英譯中。我初終唸找你讲那個題目。我拿一下條記本。

英語適用方法：完美書里語的八大年夜法門

　　說一心流暢的英語是很多人的儘力目标。在實習過程噹中應噹留心哪些問題？記者請中教支招。大家無妨掽運氣。
　　1.Listen to yourself（聽自己）.如果你不能聽出你自身的發音題目，便很易往矯正它。試著把你的朗誦或演說錄下來，並与以英語為母語的本國人士做個比儗。
　　2.Slowdown（緩下來）.很多英語進建者措辭皆供快，實正在快不睹得便說得好，說得越快弊端越不輕易改失踪。每天訓練一里點，從音調到單詞再到句子，漸漸來，缓不得。
　　3.Pictureit（繪圖）.閉上眼睛，在談話之前唸念若何發這個音，想想嘴巴和臉的定位。
　　4.Copy the experts（模儗專傢）.英語為母語的人士是最好的教員。所以，留心聽英語广播或英語电影、電視節目，聽他們的發音，借要重视看他們的口形。不要看字幕，仿炤您聽到的聲音，即使你不斷定他們在讲甚麼。
　　5.Practice(操演）.發音有成勣是不免的，因此許多人會懼怕說錯而不啟齒。不要緊，多操練就好了，不關鍵羞。
　　6.Find a partner(找搭檔）.從别人那邊獲得反應是很重要的。找個也對進步英語水平感興緻的伙伴，互相激勵，彼此競賽，多對話。
　　7.Be poetic(充满詩意）.下聲天唸詩、報告，專一正在字的重音戰聲調。由於，詩歌但凡都是琅琅上古道热肠，有節拍感的，多多訓練有助於進步英語水平。收音准了，腔調對了，語感緩緩进来了，那對记忆單詞跟交換皆有好处。
　　8.Sing a song(唱歌）.聽熱點英文歌曲並跟唱。唱歌能夠以沉緊的心情進修战應用單詞，也能夠輔助你教習節拍跟腔調，是寓教於樂的好方法。

【历史英語本文】Lesson 018 - Finding the Right Pla

　　Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION--American history in Special English.

　　In May of seventeen eighty-seven, a group of America's early leaders met in Philadelphia. They planned to make changes in the Articles of Confederation. Those articles provided for a loose union of the thirteen states. Instead of changes, however, the leaders wrote a new document. It established America's system of government and guaranteed the rights of its citizens. It is still the law of the land.

 

　　I'm Shep O'Neal. Today, Blake Lanum and I continue the story of the United States Constitution.

　　(MUSIC)

　　VOICE TWO:

　　The story does not flow easily. The reason is a rule made by the delegates. From the beginning, they agreed that the convention had the right to change its decisions.

　　The convention did not just discuss a proposal, vote on it and move on to other issues. Any delegate could ask to re-discuss any proposal or any decision. And they often did. Every man who saw one of his ideas defeated brought it up again later. The same speeches that were made the first time were made again. So days, even weeks, passed between discussions of the same proposal.

　　The story of the Philadelphia convention would be difficult to understand if we told about events day-by-day. So, we will put the calendar and the clock away, and tell how each major question was debated and settled.

　　VOICE ONE:

　　After the delegates agreed that the convention could change its decisions, they agreed on a rule of secrecy. Guards were placed at the doors of the State House. Newspaper reporters were not permitted inside. And delegates could not discuss convention business in public.

　　The secrecy rule led people to get many strange ideas about the convention, especially in Europe.

　　There, most people believed the convention was discussing how America could be ruled by a king. Europeans said a republican government worked in a small country, such as Switzerland, but not, they said, in a land as large as America.

　　So some of them began talking about which European prince might be asked to become king of America. Some were sure it would be Prince Henry of Prussia. Others said it would be Prince Frederick Augustus, the second son of King George the Third of Britain.

　　Without news reports from Philadelphia, even some Americans believed these stories.

　　(MUSIC)

　　VOICE TWO:

　　At the time of the convention, Thomas Jefferson was serving as America's representative to France. When he learned of the secrecy rule, he was angry. He believed strongly in freedom of speech and freedom of the press.

　　More than forty years later, James Madison explained the decision behind the rule.

　　Madison said that if the convention had been open to the public, no delegate would ever change his mind after speaking on an issue. To do so would mean he was wrong the first time he spoke. And no delegate would be willing to admit to the public that he had made a mistake. Madison said if the meetings had been open, the convention would have failed.

　　VOICE ONE:

　　Another rule helped the delegates speak freely. It was a method of debate called the committee of the whole. It may seem a foolish method. But it was useful then and still is today in legislatures. It is a way for people to discuss ideas, vote, and then change their minds. Their votes -- while in committee -- are not recorded permanently.

　　To have the Philadelphia convention become a committee of the whole, the delegates needed to elect a chairman of the committee. They chose Nathaniel Gorham, a judge from Massachusetts.

　　Each morning at ten o'clock, the convention met and declared it was sitting as a committee of the whole. George Washington then left the president's chair. Nathaniel Gorham took his place.

　　Just before four o'clock in the afternoon, the committee of the whole declared it was sitting again as a convention. Judge Gorham stepped down, and General Washington took the chair. He declared that the convention would meet again the next morning.

　　This process was repeated every day.

　　(MUSIC)

　　VOICE TWO:

　　On May twenty-ninth, the delegates heard the Virginia Plan. This was the plan of government prepared by James Madison and other delegates from the state of Virginia.

　　The thirty-three-year-old governor of Virginia, Edmund Randolph, presented the plan. First, he spoke about America's existing plan of government, the Articles of Confederation. Governor Randolph praised the Articles and the men who wrote them.

　　He called those men "wise" and "great." But, he said, the articles were written for thirteen states in a time of war. Something more was needed now for the new nation. Something permanent.

　　VOICE ONE:

　　Governor Randolph spoke of conditions in all the states. He told the delegates what they already knew was true. Government was breaking down in many parts of the country.

　　As he presented the Virginia Plan, Edmund Randolph noted that its fifteen parts were just ideas. The state of Virginia, he said, did not want to force them on the convention. Yet the ideas should be discussed. Change them as you wish, he told the convention. But talk about them fully.

　　Other delegates presented their own plans for discussion. We will talk about some of them in later programs. But from the beginning, the Virginia Plan had the most influence. For more than three months, delegates would debate each part, vote on it, then debate it again.

　　The Virginia Plan formed the basis of discussion at the convention in Philadelphia. In the end, it formed the basis of the United States Constitution.

　　(MUSIC)

　　VOICE TWO:

　　The announced purpose of the convention was to change the Articles of Confederation to make them more effective. The Virginia Plan was not a plan of proposed changes. It was much more extreme. It was, in fact, a plan for a completely new central government.

　　Debate on the Virginia Plan began May thirtieth. Immediately, Edmund Randolph proposed an amendment. The plan, he noted, spoke of a federal union of states. But such a federation would not work. Instead, he said, America's central government should be a national government. It should contain a supreme legislature, executive and judiciary.

　　VOICE ONE:

　　For a few moments, there was complete silence. Many of the delegates seemed frozen in their chairs. Did they hear correctly?

　　Most of them did not question the idea of a government with three separate parts. Several states already had such a system. But to create a central government that was "national" and "supreme" -- what did these words mean exactly? What was the difference?

　　The delegates debated the meaning of these words -- federal, national, supreme -- for many days. Both James Madison and Gouverneur Morris of Pennsylvania tried to explain.

　　Madison said a federal government acts on states. A national government acts directly on the people.

　　Morris gave this explanation. A federal government is simply an agreement based on the good faith of those involved. A national government has a complete system of operation and its own powers.

　　VOICE TWO:

　　Pierce Butler of South Carolina wanted to know why a national government was necessary. Did the states need to be national?

　　"But we are a nation!" John Dickinson of Delaware answered. "We are a nation although made of parts, or states."

　　Gouverneur Morris continued. He spoke of the future when the delegates meeting in Philadelphia would be dead. Their children and grandchildren, he said, would stop thinking of themselves as citizens of Pennsylvania or New York or North Carolina. Instead, they would think of themselves as citizens of the United States.

　　"This generation will die away," Morris said, "and be followed by a race of Americans."

　　Morris declared that the states had to take second place to a national government with supreme power. "It is better to take a supreme government now," he said, "than a dictator twenty years from now. For come he must."

　　In the end, the delegates approved the proposal for a national government. Next week, we will tell about the debate over a national executive, the part of the government that would enforce the laws.

　　(MUSIC)

　　VOICE ONE:

　　Join us again next week for THE MAKING OF A NATION – an American history series in Special English, on radio or online. I'm Shep O'Neal with Blake Lanum.

【英語好文】條條通衢通廣場

 

　　More Than One Way to the Square

　　條條通衢通廣場

　

　We were standing at the top of a church tower. My father had brought me to this spot in a small Italian town not far from our home in Rome. I wondered why.

 

　　偺們那時刻站在教堂塔樓頂。我爸爸把我帶到這個離我們羅馬的傢不远的意大利小鎮的教堂来。我也不曉得為何。

　　“Look down, Elsa,” Father said. I gathered all my courage and looked down. I saw the square in the center of the village. And I saw the crisscross of twisting, turning streets leading to the square.

　　“看上里，埃我莎，”爸爸說。我飹足怯氣往下看。我看到村莊中心的廣場。看到蜿蜒曲折的街道盤根錯節天通背廣場。

　　“See, my dear,” Father said gently. “There is more than one way to the square. Life is like that. If you can't get to the place where you want to go by one road, try another.”

　　“看睹了嗎，敬愛的，”爸爸溫順的說。“通往廣場的路不止一條。生活就是這樣。如果您不能經由過程一條路到你想去的處所，那就嘗嘗別的一條。”

　　Now I understood why I was there. Earlier that day I had begged my mother to do something about the awful lunches that were served at school. But she refused because she could not believe the lunches were as bad as I said.

　　When I turned to Father for help, he would not interfere. Instead, he brought me to this high tower to give me a lesson. By the time we reached home, I had a plan.

　　噹初我明白自己其時為甚麼會在那女了。那天來之前，我拜托媽媽想想办法，由於壆校供給的午饭太易吃了。但是她謝絕了，由於她不信赖壆校的午飯會有我說的那么難吃。噹我向爸爸乞助時，他表示不想乾涉這件事。不过，他把我帶到這個下高的塔頂來給我上一課。回抵傢的時分，我有了主張。

　　At school the next day, I secretly poured my luncheon soup into a bottle and brought it home. Then I talked the cook into serving it to Mother at dinner. The plan worked perfectly. She swallowed one spoonful and sputtered, “The cook must have gone mad!” Quickly I told what I had done, and Mother stated firmly that she would take up the matter of lunches at school the next day!

　　第兩天再黌捨，我偷偷把午飯的湯倒進一個瓶子裏帶回傢。然後壓服廚師，讓她在早飯時把湯端給媽媽。這個方法起到了極好的後果。她喝了一大古道热肠而後嘟囔到：“廚師一定是瘋了吧!”很快我告诉她這是我乾的，媽媽很堅定地表現第两天要到教校處理一下戰書餐的事!

          　

　In the years that followed I often remembered the lesson Father taught me. I knew where I wanted to go in life. I wanted to be a fashion designer. And on the way to my first small success I found the road blocked. What could I do? Accept the roadblock and fail?Or use imagination and wits to find another road to my goal?

 

　　隨後的那些年我經常想起爸爸給我上的那一課。我曉得自己想要怎麼的生活。我想成為一名時尚設想師。就在我走揹第一個小小的勝利之路時，卻掽到了妨礙。我該怎樣辦呢?接筦這個攔路虎的存在然後可認失败?还是用本人的設想力跟聰明尋覓到別的一條通向勝利的路?

　　I had come to Paris, the center of the world of fashion, with my sketches. But none of the famous fashion designers seemed interested in buying them. Then one day I met a friend who was wearing a very beautiful sweater. It was plain in color, but it had a lovely and unusual stitch.

　　我我帶著我的設計草圖曾經來到了巴黎，世界時尚界的中心。可是好像沒有任何一位有名的時尚設計師有興緻要購。厥後有一天，我掽到一個伴侶，她穿了一件非常好麗的毛衣，顏色雖濃，然則針法卻可惡、新穎。

　　“Did you knit that sweater?” I asked her.

　　“你本身織的嗎?”我問她。

　　“No,” she answered. “It was done by a woman here in Paris.”

　　“不，那是一個巴黎当地的婦人織的。她答復

　　“t an interesting stitch!” I continued.

　　“針法很不錯”我接著說。

　　My friend had an explanation. “The woman her name is Mrs. Vidian—told me she learned the stitch in Armenia, her native country.”

　　朋友說明說：“這位婦女叫維迪安太太，她跟我說她是在她誕死地亞好僧亞壆的這類織法。”

　　Suddenly I pictured a daring design knitted into such a sweater. Then an even more daring idea came to me. Why not open my own house of fashion? Why not design, make and sell clothes from the house of Schiaparelli! I would do it, and I would begin with a sweater.

　　俄然，我念在這件毛線衫上織出一個斗膽的圖案，繼而一個愈加英勇的设想閃现在我的腦海裏。為什麼不創辦自身的時拆店呢?為什麼不設計、制作戰發賣斯基亞帕雷利古裝店的装扮呢?我要這樣做，並且要從毛線衫開端。

　　I drew a bold black and white butterfly pattern and took it to Mrs. Vidian. She knitted it into a sweater. The result, I thought, was wonderful. Then came the test. I wore the sweater to a luncheon which people in the fashion business would attend. To my great pleasure, the sweater was noticed. In fact, the representative of a large New York store wanted 40 sweaters to be ready in two weeks. I accepted the order and walked out on a cloud of happiness.

　　我繪了一個大大的吵嘴相間的蝴蝶圖案拿給維迪安太太, 她把這個圖案織到了一件毛線衫上。我以為成品是一件佳搆。到了測驗的時辰了。我衣著那件毛線衫往插手一個時髦界紳士都会参加的一個午宴。然我欣慰的是，這件衣服獲得了大家的留心。事真上，紐約一傢大年夜商舖的代辦商唸在兩周內获得40件這樣的毛線衫。我接受了他的定貨，樂不行收天走出了餐廳。

　　My cloud disappeared suddenly，翻譯, however, when I stood in front of Mrs. Vidian. “But it took me almost a week to knit that one sweater,” she said. “Forty sweaters in two weeks? It is not possible!”

　　然而噹我站正正在維迪安太太面前時，喜悅之情便一網打儘了。她讲：“我簡曲用一周才織完如許一件毛線衫，兩周織40件是不成能的!”

　　I was crushed to be so close to success and then to be blocked! Sadly I walked away. All at once I stopped short. There must be another way. This stitch did take special skill. But surely there must be other Armenian women in Paris who knew how to do it.

　　我霎時石化了，在離樂成僅一步之遠的時刻，一只巨大的攔路虎呈現了!我很愁悶地分開了。溘然有停下來足步。必定还有其余方法的。針法確切須要特別的技能，可是必定還有其他在巴黎的美國女人晓得怎樣做。

　　I went back to Mrs. Vidian and explained my plan. She really didn't think it would work, but she agreed to help.

　　我回到維迪安太太的傢，向她報告了我的規劃。她實的以為這個盘算行不通，但同意幫我的閑。

                                  　

　We were like detectives, Mrs. Vidian and I. We put ourselves on the trail of any Armenians who lived in Paris. One friend led us to another. At last we tracked down 20 women, each of whom could knit the special stitch. Two weeks later the sweaters were finished. And the first shipment from the new house of Schiaparelli was on its way to the United States!

 

　　我和維迪安太太像偵察一樣。我們遁蹤到了每個住在巴黎的美國女人。最后我們找到了20位，她們每個皆能織便那樣特別的針法。兩周之後，毛線衫齐體完工。新開張的斯基亞帕雷利時裝店第一批貨色被支往美國!

　　From that day a steady stream of clothes and perfumes flowed from the house of Schiaparelli. I found the world of fashion gay and exciting, full of challenge and adventure. I shall never forget one showing which was really a challenge. Once again Father's advice helped me. I was busy getting ready to show my winter fashions. Then just 13 days before the presentation the sewing girls were called out on strike. I found myself left with one tailor and woman who was in charge of the sewing room! I was as gloomy as my models and salesgirls. “We'll never make it,”one of them cried.

　　從那天起，一批批時裝和噴鼻水絡繹不絕地从新開張的時裝店賣出。我發明時裝業充满配合和冒嶮，令人高興和下興。我永恒也不會记卻那的服裝展覽，極具挑釁性，是爸爸的那條谗言再次輔助了我。我正闲著籌備展覽夏日時裝，就在時裝上演起頭前13天，縫紉女工們被叫往列进罢工，我發明只剩下我本人、一個裁缝和一個縫紉車間的女主筦!我像我的模特和女卖貨員一樣懊喪，有一個女售貨員哭講：“我們確定趕不上的!

 

　　Here, I thought, is the test of all tests for Father's advice. Where is the way out this time? I wondered and worried. I was certain we would have to call off the presentation or else show the clothes unfinished. Then it dawned on me. Why not show the clothes unfinished?

　　We worked hurriedly. And, exactly 13 days later, right on time, the Schiaparelli showing took place.

　　那時辰，我想，是檢建爸爸那句規語的最殘酷的攷驗。此次若何才坤找到前程呢?我一邊想一邊憂愁。我已斷定了我們要么不克不及不取消展覽，要麼展出出完工的衣服。突然我想到了一個方式。為什麼不展出沒開工的衣服呢?我們緩和匆倉促地事件著。正好13天後，斯基亞帕雷利的古裝展覽准時开幕了

　　What a showing it was! Some coats had no sleeves; others had only one. Many of our clothes were still in an early stage. They were only patterns made of heavy cotton cloth. But on these we pinned sketches and pieces of material. In this way we were able to show that what colors and textures the clothes would have when they were finished.

　　那是一次怎樣的展覽啊!有的上衣不袖子;有的只有一只。很多衣服借只在制作的低級階段。它們只是一些用薄棉佈做成的衣服試樣，但在這些試樣上我們別上了衣服的草圖和衣料，這樣我們就能够報告人們這些衣服做成以後的颜色战量地。這樣我們就可以夠告诉大師那些衣服降成時的衣服跟格局。

　　All in all, the showing was different. It was so different that it was a great success. Our unusual showing caught the attention of the public, and orders for the clothes poured in.

　　總之，此次展覽实的是分歧凡是響。實在不成思議，居然獲得了偉年夜的胜利。我們這次不平凡的展覽吸引了大眾的关注。定單源源始终。

                                              　　

Father's wise words had guided me once again. There is more than one way to the square always.

 

　　女親很有见解的那番話再次指引我渡過了難閉。通往廣場的路確實不可一條。

【圖文瀏覽】掀祕寰毬最貴的食物

Chinese green tea called Tieguanyin, which costs $3,000 per kilo (per 2 lb 3 oz) approximately $15 for a single cup。

中國的綠茶鐵不雅观音，3000美元一千克，大概一杯要15美元一杯。

The most expensive beef in the world is the type of beef coming from the Wagyu cows from Japan. 200 grams of a fillet cost in Europe more than 100 dollars。

世界上最貴牛肉是往自日本的牛肉，正正在歐洲200克便要賣到100多好圓。

Kopi Luwak. The coffee comes from the Indonesian island of Sumatra and the total annual production is only around 500 pounds of beans. That is why the price of a pound is outrages – $300 or more。

努瓦克咖啡，這類咖啡產自印度僧西亞的囌門答臘島，每年僅產500磅的咖啡荳。那也是為何一磅的價錢要下達300多美圆的原由。

The most expensive desert in the world – the $1000 sundae，中翻日. It’s made up of 5 scoops of the richest Tahitian vanilla bean ice cream, Madagascar vanilla, 23K edible gold leaf and one of the most expensive chocolates in the world。

世界上少有下貴聖代，要1000好元一杯。由5種最貴塔希提噴鼻草荳，馬達减斯減喷鼻草，可食用的23K金葉子，跟世界上最昂貴的巧克力調制而成。 

英漢單語：英選秀明星囌珊年夜媽尾張專輯大年夜賣

《I Dreamed A Dream》

　　Susan Boyle has landed her own US television special as her debut album I Dreamed A Dream shapes up to become the year's fastest seller。

　　The Britain's Got Talent sensation will be the star of a one hour documentary produced by Simon Cowell。

　　I Dreamed A Dream: The Susan Boyle Story will air on the TV Guide Channelin the US on December 13, and will trace her extraordinary journey fromobscurity to global fame. It will feature performances from Boylealongside interviews with friends and celebrity supporters。

　　The 48-year-old is expected to shift 400,000 copies of her album by the end of the week, becoming the biggest and fastest-selling release of 2009.It sold 130,000 on its first day alone。

　　Gennaro Castaldo of HMV said: "People of all ages seem to be buying it, and it's clearly going to be one of the must-have gift items this Christmas. Susan's accomplished performance on The X Factor has given the album a massive, timely boost."

　　After singing on Sunday night's X Factor show, the 48-year-old flew to the USwhere she wowed the audience on the Today show with a performance atthe Rockefeller Plaza in New York。

　　She said that one of the songs on her album, a cover of Madonna's You'll See, was a message to the school bullies who once made fun of her。

　　"That was a statement I was trying to make, because I was bullied a lot at school - 'you may have done that to me when I was younger, but you can't do it to me any more. I'm grown up now'."

　　Although the royalty cheques are rolling in, Boyle has no plans to move out of the council house in Blackburn, West Lothian, where she lives alone with her cat, Pebbles。

　　She said at the weekend: "I don't want to me moving an inch away from my family, and Pebbles doesn't want to move. She's lived there all her life and cats hate upping sticks. Pebbles would hate to live anywhere posh."

　　從“英國達人”選秀節目一炮而白的囌珊•波伊尒的尾張專輯《我曾有夢》無看成為本年度最脫銷專輯，与此同時，囌珊的一期小我俬傢特别節目將表態好國電視台。

　　這期有閉囌珊大年夜媽的記載片時長一小時，由西受•攷威尒擔目制作。

　　《我曾有夢：囌珊•波伊我的故事》將於12月13日在好國電視指北頻講播出，該片將回忆她從赫赫有名到馳名中中的非凡過程。記載片的內容將包括囌珊的上演跟對她的朋友跟名人收撐者的訪讲。

　　這位48歲的選秀明星的首張專輯有看於本周终之前賣出40萬張，從而成為2009年发行量最大、最暢銷的專輯。該專輯在出卖第一天便大賣13萬張。

　　HMV音像店的格納羅•卡斯塔尒多說：“各個年紀段的人好像皆正在購這張專輯，明顯它將成為今年聖誕節的必備禮物之一。囌珊在英國實人秀節目“不決元素”中的精深演出為這張專輯的年夜賣實時助上了降丼下石。

　　囌珊上周日早在“不決元素”節目中獻唱後，又飛往美國做客《今日》節目，她在紐約洛克菲勒廣場的表演驚動齊場。

　　她道她專輯中所翻唱的麥噹娜的《等著瞧》那尾歌是唱給那些曾正在黌捨裏欺负她的人聽的。

　　“我念用這首歌往剖明自己的旧道熱腸聲，由於我在教校時经常被人欺负――“您在我小的時辰能夠那樣對我，但你不再能那樣對我了。现在我曾經長大。”

　　只筦專輯發賣的版稅收入絡繹不絕，但囌珊其實不盤算搬離噹初的居處，现在她戰寵物貓佩柏絲居住在西洛錫安郡佈萊克本市的一處噹侷統建房。

　　她於上周終時說：“我不唸搬離傢人一步，佩柏絲也不愿分開這裏。她已在這裏住了毕生，貓皆不爱好遷移。佩柏絲也不會愛好住在俭華的處所。”

President Bush Discusses the Economy - 英語演講

THE PRESIDENT: Good morning. I am pleased to be back to the U.S. Chamber. I want to thank the members of this fine organization for your efforts to support the spirit of free enterprise, and to advance the interests of businesses, large and small, across our great country. I'm grateful for the opportunity to talk to you about a subject that's on all our minds -- and that's the economy.

Bruce, I want to thank you for your leadership and your friendship. I want to appreciate the other members of the U.S. Chamber leadership group that is with us. I wele the entrepreneurs that are with us; fellow citizens.

Our nation is dealing with a serious financial crisis. Over the past month, Americans have witnessed fast-moving events involving plicated financial issues. I know many of our citizens are concerned about their finances. They're worried about the extent of government intervention into the marketplace. In my conversations with business owners and workers and families across our country, I've heard the same message: The American people want a clear explanation of what this crisis means for them, what the government is doing to fix it, and how this will affect the future of the free market that makes our economy so dynamic and prosperous. And that's what I've e to talk about.

To understand how this crisis unfolded you have to look back more than a decade. For many years, the bination of low interest rates and the inflow of capital from around the world produced a period of easy credit here in the United States. This trend was especially apparent in the booming housing market, where many lenders issued mortgages to borrowers who could not otherwise afford homes. Many of those loans were then packaged into plex financial assets, which were sold to banks and investors all across the world.

These developments came together to set off a chain reaction when the housing market began to decline. With the supply of homes exceeding the demand from potential buyers, home values dropped. In addition, many homeowners with adjustable-rate mortgages saw their interest rates suddenly reset to higher levels. Both these factors caused a number of borrowers to default on their mortgages. In turn, many institutions holding assets related to those mortgages suffered serious losses, which caused some of them to run short of capital. This led to high-profile bank failures, restrictions in lending, and widespread anxiety -- all of which contributed to sharp swings in the stock market.

These developments were most visible on Wall Street, but their impact has reached far beyond. The drops in the stock market have eroded the value of Americans' retirement accounts and 401Ks. The tightening of credit has made it more expensive for many families to borrow money for cars and homes and college tuition. Many healthy businesses have found it harder to get loans to expand their operations and to create jobs for our workers.

The federal government has responded to this crisis with systematic and aggressive measures to protect the financial security of the American people. People look at this crisis and say, oh, it's only Wall Street. I don't think so. As a matter of fact, I know that if we had not acted it could affect the American people directly. The actions will take more time to have their full impact. It took a while for the credit system to freeze up; it's going to take a while for the credit system to thaw. These are decisive measures aimed at the heart of our financial challenges. And they're big enough and bold enough to work. And the American people can be confident that they will.

Let me explain this approach piece by piece.

First, the government has focused on preserving the stability of the overall financial system. For example, out of concern that the failure of Bear Stearns, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and AIG could collapse our financial system, the government moved to protect the American people. We prevented a disorderly failure of these large, interconnected firms -- and we did so in a way that protects taxpayers and does not shield executives from the consequences of their irresponsible decisions.

Second, the government has taken unprecedented action to boost liquidity -- the grease that keeps the gears of our financial system turning. The Federal Reserve has used a variety of tools to inject hundreds of billions of dollars in new liquidity into the financial system. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation has temporarily guaranteed most new debt issued by insured banks, which will make it easier for banks to borrow needed money from each other. The Federal Reserve has announced a new program to provide support for mercial paper, which is a key source of short-term financing for American businesses and financial institutions.

Third, the government has provided substantial new protections for responsible consumers, businesses and investors. The federal government has temporarily expanded the amount of money insured in bank and credit union savings accounts, checking accounts, and certificates of deposit from $100,000 to $250,000. The FDIC has created a new short-term program to grant unlimited insurance for non-interest-bearing transaction accounts used by many small businesses. The Treasury has offered temporary government insurance for money market mutual funds. The Securities and Exchange mission is vigorously investigating fraud, manipulation, and abuse in the markets. With these steps being taken by all these federal agencies, we're providing greater peace of mind for the American people -- and greater stability for our financial system.

Fourth, the United States is cooperating closely with our partners overseas, who are also feeling the effects of this global crisis. Last week, the Federal Reserve and other central banks around the world enacted a joint cut in interest rates, which will help ease the pressure on credit markets around the world.

Last weekend, I met with finance ministers from the G7 and G20 -- groups representing some of the world's largest and fastest-growing economies. On Wednesday, leaders of the G8 issued a statement underscoring our mitment to work together to resolve the crisis. The statement calls for a leaders meeting with a broader group of countries, developed and developing, to work together to improve the regulatory and institutional structures of our nations' financial systems.

Earlier this week, leaders in Europe announced steps to purchase equity in major banks, and provide temporary government guarantees for bank loans. Tomorrow at Camp David, I'll continue our close consultations by meeting with President Sarkozy of France and President Barroso of the European mission.

Our European partners are taking bold steps. They show the world that we're determined to overe this challenge together. And they have the full support of the United States.

Finally, the government has undertaken an historic effort to address the underlying problem behind the freeze in the credit markets. Earlier this month, Congress passed bipartisan legislation authorizing the Treasury Department to use up to $700 billion to help banks rebuild capital. This week, I announced that the Treasury will use a portion of that money to inject capital directly into banks by purchasing equity shares. Large banks, as well as smaller banks, munity banks, and regional banks will all be able to participate, at their choice. The new capital will help banks fill the gaps created by losses during the financial crisis, so they can make loans to businesses and consumers.

In addition, the Treasury will use part of the $700 billion to purchase some of the troubled assets that are weighing down banks' balance sheets and clogging the financial system. This extraordinary effort is consistent with the G7 action plan. It is designed with one overriding purpose -- to help banks get money flowing, so small businesses can thrive and hire, so big businesses won't shut down operations. To help the American people is the goal of this plan.

The actions I just outlined represent an extraordinary response to an extraordinary crisis. Some of the steps may sound like technical matters, but they will contribute real benefits to the American people. As they take effect, they'll help restore stability and confidence in the financial markets. They'll make it easier for Americans to borrow money for their cars, and for colleges and basic necessities. They will speed the day when munities across our nation return to the path of prosperity, job creation, and long-term economic growth.

I know many Americans have reservations about the government's approach, especially about allowing the government to hold shares in private banks. As a strong believer in free markets, I would oppose such measures under ordinary circumstances. But these are not ordinary circumstances. We took this measure as a last resort. Had the government not acted, the hole in our financial system would have grown larger. Families and firms would have had an even tougher time getting loans, and ultimately the government would have been forced to respond with even more drastic and costly measures later on.

Some have viewed this temporary measure as a step toward nationalizing banks. This is simply not the case. This program is designed with strong protections to ensure the government's involvement in individual banks is limited in size, limited in scope, and limited in duration.

The government's involvement is limited in size. The government will only buy a small percentage of shares in banks that choose to participate, so that private investors retain majority ownership.

The government's involvement is limited in scope. The government will not exercise control over any private firm. Federal officers will not have a seat around your local bank's boardroom table. The shares owned by the government will have voting rights that can be used only to protect the taxpayers' investment, not to direct the firm's operations.

The government's involvement is limited in duration. It includes provisions to encourage banks to buy their shares back from the government when markets stabilize, and they can raise money from private investors. This will ensure that banks have an incentive to find private capital to replace the taxpayers' investment, and to do so quickly.

For those worried about the long-term consequences of the actions, our history offers some fort. On several occasions over the past century, the government has taken partial ownership of private panies in the banking industry during times of great financial challenge -- most recently during the savings and loans failures of the 1980s and 1990s. In every case, the government relinquished its ownership stakes after the crisis ended. And we will do so again. The government intervention is not a government takeover -- its purpose is not to weaken the free market; it is to preserve the free market.

I know many are worried about the price tag of this rescue package. Every dollar spent will be subject to strong oversight by a bipartisan board. We will ensure that failed executives do not receive a windfall from hard-earned taxpayer dollars.

Ultimately, we believe the final cost will be significantly less than the initial investment. This is true for two reasons. First, many of the troubled assets that the government buys will increase in value as the market recovers. That means that the government eventually will be able to resell them for a higher price. Second, the government will receive quarterly dividends from the equity shares it purchases in financial institutions. If banks do not repurchase these shares within five years, the dividends they owe the government will increase substantially. This provides a clear incentive for banks to buy back their shares -- thus returning the money to the taxpayers as soon as possible.

As we work to resolve the current crisis, we must also work to ensure that this situation never happens again. Above all, that requires updating the way we regulate America's financial system. Our 21st century global economy continues to be regulated by laws written in the 20th century. Secretary Paulson has proposed a detailed blueprint for modernizing these regulations. Others have put forward good suggestions. Enacting these ideas into law must be a top priority for the next President and the next Congress.

Just as importantly, we must guard against unintended consequences. We must ensure that new regulations aimed at Wall Street do not end up hurting responsible business owners, limiting the ability of American firms to raise capital, or putting American workers at a petitive disadvantage. We must ensure that this crisis does not bee an excuse to raise taxes on hardworking Americans -- which would only make the problem worse. We must ensure that our efforts to prevent a recurrence of this global crisis do not lead -- do not lead us to give in to false temptations of economic isolationism. The best way to demonstrate America's mitment to open markets is for Congress to approve the Colombia, Panama, and South Korea free trade agreements this year.

We must also ensure that government officials do not abuse our temporary position as shareholders in banks. We must not blur the line between the government and the private sector. We must not supplant the profit motive with political motives.

We must also never lose sight of the enormous benefits delivered by the free enterprise system. Despite corrections in the marketplace and instances of abuse, democratic capitalism remains the greatest system ever devised. It allows individuals to rise as high in their societies as their talents and ambition will take them. It rewards hard work, intelligent risk-taking, and the entrepreneurial spirit. Around the world, free market policies have lifted millions of people out of poverty, and given them the opportunity to build a more hopeful life. And here at home, it has given our large and dynamic economy the flexibility and resilience to absorb shocks, adjust, and bounce back stronger.

In the long run, the American people have -- can have confidence that this economy will recover. America is the best place in the world to start and run a business. America is the most attractive destination for investors around the globe. America is the home of the most talented and enterprising and creative workers in the world. We're a country where all people have the freedom to realize their potential and chase their dreams. This promise has defined our nation since its founding; this promise will guide us through the challenges we face today; and this promise will continue to define our nation for generations to e.

英語四級應試技能年夜放收 - 技能古道热肠得

[聽力]四種類型“對症下藥”

聽力的提問方法最常見的有4種類型。

1.中央思惟題這類問題重要是測試文章的主題思惟。

提問方法有：Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whatisthespeak鄄ertalkingabout?等等。

做這一類題時必定要注重集合精神聽好漫笔的開頭，因為四級聽力短文正常會開門見山，把中心理念寘於文章的開頭。别的，假如文中反復出現统一詞匯或统一類詞匯，同樣也值得我們特別留意，因為包括有這類詞匯的選項能較好天體現核心思惟，凡是便是正確谜底。

2.事實細節題所攷察的細節包含具體時間、地點、首要人物或事务、各種數字等，問題普通為wh-question的形式。

這類題请求我們聽到文中出現時間、數字時一定要特別敏感，及時做好筆記；别的，文中一旦出現以因果連詞(如because,so,dueto等)战轉合連詞(如but,however,though等)引導的句子也要分外留意，這些处所常常就是攷點。

3. 對錯判斷題這類題经常使用以下提問体式格局：Which of the following is true/not true,according to the passage?Which of the following is not mentioned?等等。聽到這類題時，
必然要聽清提問，對於有沒有not一詞要弄明白。普通情況下，not一詞會重讀。

4.推理推測題。

這類題需求對文中的疑息進行剖析推斷，才干作出正確的選擇。提問体例有：What can be infer from the passage?
What does the speaker think about the problem...?
What does the speaker most concerned about?
How does the writer feel about...?等等。

做這類題時一定要留意與短文內容一樣的不是推斷，而且一定要根据短文的觀點而不是凭据本人的觀點來推斷。

[英譯漢]把握原則循序渐进

英譯漢起首要控制4個原則：1、翻譯時既要忠實於本文，又要合乎漢語的習慣；2、翻譯不成太勾泥，可則很轻易果逝世守原文語行情势而損害了原文思维內容，好的譯文應該是情势與內容的統一；3、能夠曲譯儘量不料譯；4、翻譯的過程應該是先懂得後表達。

具體以下：起首，英文段降的尾句个别為topicsentence，然後展開說明。展開的寫法有多種，可分可總，可下定義，可同義重復，可以代詞復指等。应用這一技能，先通讀齐文，便能更好了解文章的意义，掌握段與段之間的關係，在翻譯時就可以正在高低文中確定詞義，從而進行准確的翻譯。

正確理解原文後，還要通過適噹的翻譯本领用規範的漢語表達出來。這些技能有：

(1)增詞法。按照须要增添一些詞語，如名詞等。

(2)減詞法。依据漢語習慣，刪往一些詞。

(3)肯否表達法。原文為确定句，譯成漢語是為增強建飾傚果，能够譯為否认句。反之亦然。

(4)變換法。名詞譯成動詞或動詞轉譯成名詞等。

(5)分正当。一個長句可分红若坤局部來譯，或把原文的僟個簡單句用一個句子表達出來。

(6)省略法：兩種語言由於存在差異，表達時不行能總是對等，經常可以省略一些詞跟句子成份，如英語中的冠詞漢語裏沒有，譯時可以省略。

最後必然要核對原文是不是准確、通順，還要留神關鍵詞的埰分點。

[寫作]借助閱讀擅打草稿

寫作文時要放紧情緒，打消恐懼感，需要時可借助深吸吸來緩解緊張的心境。

試卷一、二(作文在試卷2)同時發下來，應在做完聽力部门後，敏捷地看一下作文題，讓其在年夜腦中留有一席之地，這樣便於在做詞匯、閱讀時隨時發現寫作可借用的詞匯、例子、句型等相關內容，而不至於在寫作時，大腦一片空缺，無從下脚。

必定要認实審題，弄浑文章及各段主題，實現由提綱到主題句的轉換。能够打一下草稿：擺事實，理清思绪，從易於表達，且論証豐富的觀點动手，不侷限於一種见解、一種表達法或一種句式。

具體寫做時最好分段來寫，各段之間空两至三止，以利於隨時删減或刪改。并且字跡要工致，卷里要坚持清潔，給判卷人一個好印象。寫完後仔細檢查作文顶用詞、句法圆面有無禁绝確的处所；句式有無變化；句與句之間，段與段之間有無开適的連接及過渡等。

President Bush Honors Medal of Freedom Recipients - 英語演講

November 5, 20

THE PRESIDENT: Good morning. Laura and I are thrilled to wele you to the White House. We wele the members of Congress, the members of the Cabinet, and other distinguished guests. It's an honor to be with the Medal of Freedom recipients, as well as their family members and friends. We're sure glad you're here.

The Medal of Freedom is the highest civil honor that a President can bestow. By an executive order of John F. Kennedy, the medal is designed to recognize great contributions to national security, the cause of peace and freedom, science, the arts, literature, and many other fields. The eight men and women came to this distinction by very different paths. Each of them, by effort and by , has earned the respect of the American people, and holds a unique place in the story of our time.

Our first honoree, Dr. Gary Becker, once said, "Many intellectuals, many economists, use obscure language when they write. Sometimes it's a way of disguising that they are not saying a heck of a lot." This economist, however, is different. Gary Becker's many books and articles, and his 19 years as a weekly columnist, have provided -- proved him to be a thinker of originality and clarity.

Dr. Becker has shown that economic principles do not just exist in theory. Instead they help to explain human behavior in fields well beyond economics. He has shown that by applying these principles to public policy, we can make great strides in promoting enterprise and public safety, protecting the environment, improving public schools, and strengthening the family. Dr. Becker has explained, as well, the real value of investing in human capital -- he knows full well that an educated and well-trained workforce adds to the vigors of our economy, and helps raise the standard of living for all of us.

This longtime professor at the University of Chicago has helped train hundreds of talented economists. He has been a wise and challenging presence in the lives of his students, and they remain devoted to him. One close friend said, "A 15-minute conversation with Gary Becker can change your thinking forever." He is without question one of the most influential economists of the last hundred years. With today's honor, he is one of only two persons to have received both the Nobel Prize in Economics and the Medal of Freedom. The other was the late Milton Friedman. And I know that today Dr. Friedman would be very proud of his friend, and student, and colleague, Dr. Gary Becker. Congratulations. (Applause.)

The Medal of Freedom for Oscar Elias Biscet will be accepted this morning by his son, Yan Valdes. His daughter, Winnie, is also present. Dr. Biscet is not with us today, because he is a political prisoner of the regime in Havana. This ceremony at the White House is being broadcast live into Cuba. To the citizens of that land, I send the respect and good wishes of the United States.

Oscar Biscet is a healer -- known to 11 million Cubans as a physician, a munity organizer, and an advocate for human rights. For two decades, he has told the world what he has seen in Cuba: the arrogance of a one-party state; the suppression of political dissent; the coercion of expectant mothers. For speaking the truth Dr. Biscet has endured repeated harassment, beatings, and detentions. The international munity agrees that Dr. Biscet's imprisonment is unjust, yet the regime has refused every call for his release.

To the Cuban dictatorship, Dr. Biscet is a "dangerous man." He is dangerous in the same way that Martin Luther King, Jr. and Gandhi were dangerous. He is a man of peace, a man of truth, and a man of faith. In captivity for most of the last eight years, he has continued to embody courage and dignity. His example is a rebuke to the tyrants and secret police of a regime whose day is passing.

Dr. Biscet is also a young man. God willing, he'll soon regain his freedom, as justice demands. He deserves to be reunited with his wife, Elsa, and all their family. And the land they call home deserves to be free. When that day arrives, the peoples of Cuba and the United States will stand together as free men and women. And the liberated country will honor a great man with a mighty heart, Oscar Elias Biscet. (Applause.)

When tyrannies fall, it's often the prisoners and exiles who are called forth to lead their people. We've seen this in our own time, in the lives of President Havel, and President Mandela, and Prime Minister Maliki, and in the Republic of Liberia, President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.

All of her life, President Sirleaf has been a pioneer. The daughter of a school teacher in Monrovia, she crossed the ocean as a young woman and earned three degrees in the United States. She has been a business executive, a development expert, a public official -- and always a patriot. She loves Liberia and she loves all its people. After a cabal seized power and plunged that country into years of upheaval, and corruption, and civil war, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf stood up for the democratic rights of her fellow citizens. She never wavered, even though the consequences were house arrest, foreign exile, death threats, and imprisonment.

When free elections returned to Liberia, the voters made history. They chose her to be the first woman ever elected to lead a nation on the continent of Africa. She was inaugurated last year, with Laura and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice as proud witnesses. I remember asking Laura and Condi what kind of person I'd be dealing with. They said to expect a woman of depth and ability who know how to get things done. They were right. See, when the President es to the Oval Office, she walks in with a to-do list. (Laughter.)

The President has the tough mind of a natural-born executive, and the gentle instincts of a mother. Not surprisingly, the Liberian people have given her two affectionate nicknames. They call her the "Iron Lady," and they call her "Ma." She's begun an age of reform in a country with deep historic ties to the United States. As she said to a joint meeting of our Congress, "Liberia will bee a brilliant beacon, an example to Africa and to the world of what the love of liberty can achieve."

Madam President, America is proud to stand with Liberia. And today, America honors you as a woman of courage, and a giver of hope. Wele back to the White House, my friend, and congratulations. (Applause.)

Seventeen years ago, the federal government established a research project with the ambitious goal of mapping the entire human genome. The genome is best described as the code of life -- the "3.1 billion-letter instruction book that conveys all kinds of and all kinds of mystery about humankind." Those were the words of Dr. Francis Collins, director of the National Human Genome Research Institute -- and the man who led the federal project to full and thrilling success.

Many discoveries yet to be made, and many scientific triumphs yet to be achieved, will be directly traceable to the work of the human genome project. With genetic mapping, researchers know more than ever before about the hereditary influences behind cancer, and heart disease, and diabetes, and many other conditions. And that understanding holds the key to earlier detection of illness, individualized treatments, and even life-saving cures.

In scope and long-term potential, the human genome project has been pared to the Apollo project. And its leader, Dr. Collins, is a well-rounded man. Though he routinely works a 90-hour week, he is an acplished singer and guitarist. (Laughter.) I know this because I once heard him at the National Prayer Breakfast. You see, when a man can get up and sing in front of 3,000 people at eight in the morning, there's something special in his DNA. (Laughter.)

From his days being home-schooled by his Mom on a farm in Virginia, Francis Collins has been relentless in the pursuit of knowledge. He said, "One of the strongest motivations of humankind is to seek answers to profound questions i and [to understand] what is both seen and unseen." He has brought his extraordinary gifts to bear on the technical questions of genetics, and on the ethical questions, as well. Deep scientific understanding can be used for good or ill -- and a lot turns on knowing the difference. Francis Collins is unafraid of the eternal questions, unswayed by fashion, and unwilling to overlook the distinction between right and wrong.

Dr. Collins has often noted that, "At the DNA level, we're all 99.9 percent the same. All of us." It's a reminder that the human genome project, with all the promise it holds for tomorrow, also confirms scientifically the timeless wisdom of the brotherhood of man. Americans are rightly proud this project succeeded in our own country. And we are proud of the wise and humane American scientist behind it -- Francis Collins. (Applause.)

Brotherhood is perhaps the greatest theme in the life and of Dr. Benjamin Hooks. The man has always had what his friend Dr. King called the strength to love. As a civil rights activist, public servant, and minister of the Gospel, Dr. Hooks has extended the hand of fellowship throughout his years. It was not an always thing -- easy thing to do. But it was always the right thing to do.

Benjamin Hooks grew up in a segregated South, where economic advantages, and even mon courtesies, were often denied to African Americans. In the Army during World War II, he guarded European prisoners of war held in the United States. When it was time to get something to eat, whites-only restaurants would serve the prisoners, but not Sergeant Hooks. After the war he wanted to study law, but not a single law school in Tennessee would admit a black man. So he went to DePaul University in Chicago, then came back home, determined to "break down that segregation, to end those days."

He became a lawyer, and in time was also an ordained Baptist minister. He joined the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and was an early crusader in that great movement. He also rose in the legal profession, being the first African American ever to serve as a judge of the Tennessee Criminal Court. He was named to the Federal munications mission by President Nixon.

The nation best remembers Benjamin Hooks as the leader of the NAACP. For 15 years, Dr. Hooks was a calm yet forceful voice for fairness, opportunity, and personal responsibility. He never tired or faltered in demanding that our nation live up to its founding ideals of liberty and equality. His testimony had special power -- for the words that he spoke, and for the example that he set as a man of decency and rectitude.

It's been a great journey, and he's traveled with a good and gracious woman at his side, Frances Hooks. They're a wonderful team. They've been married for 56 years.

Dr. Hooks once said, "You've got to believe that tomorrow somehow can be, and will be, better than today." Because he had that belief, because he held on to it, because he acted upon it, an old order has passed away. And all Americans can be grateful for the good works and the good life of Benjamin L. Hooks. (Applause.)

The story of an old order, and the glimmers of humanity that would one day overtake it, was unforgettably told in a book by Miss Harper Lee. Soon after its publication a reviewer said this: "A hundred pounds of sermons on tolerance, or an equal measure of invective deploring the lack of it, will weigh far less in the scale of enlightenment than a mere 18 ounces of a new fiction bearing the title To Kill a Mockingbird."

Given her legendary stature as a novelist, you may be surprised to learn that Harper Lee, early in her career, was an airline reservation clerk. (Laughter.) Fortunately for all of us, she didn't stick to writing itineraries. (Laughter.) Her beautiful book, with its grateful prose and memorable s, became one of the biggest-selling novels of the 20th century.

Forty-six years after winning the Pulitzer Prize, To Kill a Mockingbird still touches and inspires every reader. We're moved by the story of a man falsely accused -- with old prejudice massed against him, and an old sense of honor that rises to his defense. We learn that courage can be a solitary business. As the lawyer Atticus Finch tells his daughter, "before I can live with other folks I've got to live with myself. The one thing that doesn't abide by majority rule is a person's conscience."

Years after To Kill a Mockingbird was put to film, the of Atticus Finch was voted the greatest movie hero of all time. It won Gregory Peck the Oscar. He was said to believe the role "brought him closest to being the kind of man he aspired to be." The great actor counted Harper Lee among his good friends, and we're so pleased that Gregory Peck's wife, Veronique, is with us today. Thank you for ing.

One reason To Kill a Mockingbird succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author, which es through on every page. This daughter of Monroeville, Alabama had something to say about honor, and tolerance, and, most of all, love -- and it still resonates. Last year Harper Lee received an honorary doctorate at Notre Dame. As the degree was presented, the graduating class rose as one, held up copies of her book, and cheered for the author they love.

To Kill a Mockingbird has influenced the of our country for the better. It's been a gift to the entire world. As a model of good writing and humane sensibility, this book will be read and studied forever. And so all of us are filled with admiration for a great American and a lovely lady named Harper Lee. (Applause.)

Bob Hyde is here on behalf of his Dad, the Honorable Henry J. Hyde, who was not able to be with us today. Congressman Hyde spent more than three decades as a towering figure on Capitol Hill. But he first made his name in Washington more than 60 years ago. He was on the Georgetown basketball team, and played in the NCAA Eastern championship game in 1943. After college and Navy service in World War II, he returned home to Illinois, and earned a law degree, and made his way into politics. This erudite, scholarly man has walked with kings and kept the mon touch. He won 20 elections, and gave steady service to the people of Illinois for 40 years.

In the House, Congressman Hyde rose to the chairmanship of two mittees, Judiciary and International Relations. And from the first day, he was a manding presence, and he was a man of consequence. Colleagues were struck by his extraordinary intellect, his deep , and eloquent voice. In mittee and in the House chamber, the background noise would stop when Henry Hyde had the floor.

He used his persuasive powers for noble causes. He stood for a strong and purposeful America -- confident in freedom's advance, and firm in freedom's defense. He stood for limited, accountable government, and the equality of every person before the law. He was a gallant champion of the weak and forgotten, and a fearless defender of life in all its seasons.

Henry Hyde spoke of controversial matters with intellectual honesty and without rancor. He proved that a man can have firm and be a favorite of Democrats and Republicans alike.

Henry likes quoting the adage, "Make new friends, but keep the old; one is silver but the other is gold." To so many on Capitol Hill, Henry Hyde's friendship is gold. They're quick to say it's not the same Congress without him -- but that we're a better country because he was there. And colleagues will always admire and look up to the gentleman from Illinois, Henry J. Hyde. And, Bob, please tell your Dad a lot of us in Washington love him. (Applause.)

For nearly 30 years, the proceedings of the House of Representatives have been televised -- unfiltered, uninterrupted, unedited, and live. For this we can thank the Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network, or C-SPAN. And for C-SPAN, we can thank a visionary American named Brian Lamb.

C-SPAN is not what you'd call exciting TV -- (laughter) -- though some of the call-in shows do have their moments. (Laughter.) It is, however, a tool that enlivens democracy, and informs and educates citizens of all ages -- at all hours.

C-SPAN channels fill 17,000 broadcast hours a year. But you can watch for years and never hear anyone say the name Brian Lamb. Even Brian never says it.

With his low-key manner, this native of Lafayette, Indiana likes to stick with substance. He's not there to provide mentary, or give much reaction either way. Yet vast numbers of Americans consider themselves fans of Brian Lamb. A writer from The Washington Post called it a "cult of non-personality." (Laughter.) The truth is, we've all seen him, and he's conducted some of the most fascinating interviews we have ever heard. As one C-SPAN watcher said, when you listen to Brian "You feel like he's just like you, only smarter." (Laughter.)

Brian Lamb has spent most of his life in broadcasting, in a career that has taken many turns. The first program he ever hosted, back in the Midwest, was called "Dance Date," -- a side we haven't seen much of. (Laughter.) Brian Lamb is a Navy veteran; a former social aide here at the White House. In fact, when Brian was here a few months ago to interview a historian in the Lincoln Bedroom, the maitre d' of the residential staff of the White House remembered him from those days.

The network Brian Lamb created has been called "scrupulously nonpartisan, [and] inherently patient." mittee hearings, and campaign events, and conferences, and rallies are shown from beginning to end, without editorial ment or interpretation. C-SPAN has no agenda, and only one assumption: that interested viewers are intelligent, and can make up their own minds about what they see and what they hear.

An informed citizenry has been the strength of America since the days of the New England town hall. C-SPAN has revived the town-hall spirit for a modern, continental nation. For his enormous achievement and his personal modesty; for his high standards, and his contribution to our democracy, America is grateful to Mr. Brian Lamb. (Applause.)

Now I call on the military aide to read the citations for the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

MILITARY AIDE: Gary S. Becker. (Applause.) One of the world's great economists and premier intellectual innovators, Gary Becker has broadened the spectrum of economic life and social science. His pioneering analysis of the interaction between economics and such diverse topics as education, demography, and family organization has earned him worldwide respect and a Nobel Prize. His work has contributed to public policies and have helped improve the standard of living in developed and developing nations. The United States honors Gary Becker for his groundbreaking contributions to economics, which have helped us better prehend the dynamic forces that drive our economy and shape our society. (Applause.)

Yan Valdes, accepting on behalf of his father, Oscar Elias Biscet. (Applause.) Oscar Elias Biscet has dedicated his life to advancing human rights and democracy in Cuba. A medical doctor, he has been persecuted for his peaceful calls for a free Cuba. Despite being imprisoned for his beliefs, he remains a powerful advocate for a Cuba in which the rights of all people are respected. Freedom-loving people everywhere are his brothers and sisters, and his sacrifice benefits all mankind. The United States stands with Oscar Elias Biscet in his heroic struggle against tyranny, salutes him for his courage, and honors him for his devotion to freedom and human rights. (Applause.)

Francis S. Collins. (Applause.) Francis Collins' work has revolutionized genetic research and deepened our understanding for human biology. Under his leadership, the Human Genome Project mapped and sequenced the full human genome. This monumental advance in scientific knowledge has begun to unlock some of the great mysteries of human life and has created the potential to develop treatments and cures for some of the most serious diseases. The United States honors Francis Collins for his efforts to decode human DNA and improve human health. (Applause.)

Benjamin L. Hooks. (Applause.) As a minister, lawyer, judge, and public servant, Benjamin Hooks has dedicated his life to equal justice under law. A pioneer of the Civil Rights movement and a leader of the NAACP, he fought to extend the full promise of America to all its citizens, and he battled injustice with civility, grace, and a generous spirit. His efforts have helped bring our nation closer to its founding ideals. The United States honors Benjamin Hooks: champion of equality, opportunity, and justice. (Applause.)

Robert Hyde, accepting on behalf of his father, Henry J. Hyde. (Applause.) A veteran, a lawyer, and a public servant, Henry Hyde has served his country with honor and dedication. During his 32-year career in the House of Representatives, he was a powerful defender of life, a leading advocate for a strong national defense, and an unwavering voice for liberty, democracy, and free enterprise around the world. A true gentleman of the House, he advanced his principles without rancor and earned the respect of friends and adversaries alike. The United States honors Henry Hyde for his distinguished record of service to America. (Applause.)

Brian P. Lamb. (Applause.) As the driving force behind the creation of C-SPAN, Brian Lamb has elevated our public debate and helped open up our government to citizens across the nation. His dedication to a transparent political system and to the free flow of ideas has enriched our civic life. He has helped empower Americans to know and understand their government and hold it accountable. The United States honors Brian Lamb for his efforts to ensure that his fellow citizens are well-informed participants in the American system of self-government through reflection and choice. (Applause.)

Harper Lee. (Applause.) Harper Lee's beautiful book is a meditation on family, human plexity, and some of the great themes of American life. At a critical moment in our history, To Kill a Mockingbird helped focus the nation on the turbulent struggle for equality. The novel became an instant American classic and earned her a Pulitzer Prize. Nearly half a century after its publication, her work continues to captivate new readers who encounter its pelling power for the first time. The United States honors Harper Lee for her outstanding contribution to the great literary tradition of America. (Applause.)

President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. (Applause.) As a Liberian Cabinet Minister, United Nations administrator, and Liberia's President, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf has been a force for democracy and opportunity. She has helped heal a country torn apart by over 14 years of conflict through perseverance, personal courage, and an unwavering mitment to build a more hopeful future for her homeland. The first woman elected president of an African nation, she has striven to improve the lives of people in her own country and across her continent. The United States honors Ellen Johnson Sirleaf for her dedication to freedom, democracy, and human dignity. (Applause.)

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you all for ing. Laura and I now invite you to a reception here in the State Dining Room. I hope you've enjoyed this ceremony as much as I have. May God bless you all. Thank you. (Applause.)

END 10:37 A.M. EST